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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance01:39

Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

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In 1866, Gregor Mendel published the results of his pea plant breeding experiments, providing evidence for predictable patterns in the inheritance of physical characteristics. The significance of his findings was not immediately recognized. In fact, the existence of genes was unknown at the time. Mendel referred to hereditary units as “factors.”
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
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Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

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Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
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Rat Model of Right-Sided Cardiac Remodeling and Arrhythmia Using Pulmonary Artery Banding
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Inherited Cardiac Arrhythmias and Channelopathies.

Jessica Kline1, Otto Costantini2

  • 1Cardiovascular Disease, Summa Health System, 95 Arch Street, Suite 300, Akron, OH 44304, USA.

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|August 6, 2019
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Summary

Genetic diagnostics are improving the characterization of inherited cardiac diseases like long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome. This review covers diagnosis, genetic screening, and management strategies for these life-threatening arrhythmia conditions.

Keywords:
Brugada syndromeCatecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardiaChannelopathiesInherited cardiac arrhythmiasLong QT syndromeShort QT syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Inherited cardiac diseases can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias.
  • Genetic disorders affecting ion channels or cardiac regulatory proteins are primary causes.
  • Advances in genetic diagnostics are enhancing disease characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key inherited cardiac diseases causing arrhythmias.
  • To review diagnostic and management strategies for these conditions.
  • To highlight the role of genetic screening in patient and family management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on inherited cardiac arrhythmias.
  • Summary of diagnostic criteria for specific syndromes.
  • Outline of management and genetic screening protocols.

Main Results:

  • Key inherited diseases discussed include long QT syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.
  • Genetic screening plays a crucial role in identifying affected individuals and relatives.
  • Multifaceted management approaches are essential for patient care.

Conclusions:

  • Improved genetic diagnostics facilitate better understanding and management of inherited arrhythmia syndromes.
  • Comprehensive evaluation including genetic screening is vital for patients and their families.
  • Specialist referral ensures optimal therapeutic strategies for these complex conditions.