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Germ Granules Govern Small RNA Inheritance.

Itamar Lev1, Itai Antoine Toker1, Yael Mor1

  • 1Department of Neurobiology, Wise Faculty of Life Sciences and Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.

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|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Germ granules are not essential for small RNA inheritance in C. elegans, as mutants can still inherit RNA interference (RNAi) responses across generations. However, defects in germ granules can lead to heritable genome-wide small RNA mis-expression.

Keywords:
P granulesRNAiendogenous siRNAsgerm granuleshrde-1meg-3/4non-Mendelian inheritancepptr-1small RNAstransgenerational inheritance

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Germ granules are crucial for transgenerational small RNA inheritance in C. elegans.
  • Previous understanding suggested germ granules are indispensable for RNA interference (RNAi) inheritance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of germ granules in transgenerational small RNA inheritance.
  • To determine if C. elegans mutants with defective germ granules can still inherit RNAi responses.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of C. elegans mutants with defects in germ granule components (pptr-1, meg-3/4).
  • Assessment of transgenerational inheritance of RNAi responses.
  • Examination of genome-wide small RNA expression patterns.

Main Results:

  • Mutants with defective germ granules can inherit potent small RNA-based silencing responses.
  • pptr-1 mutants exhibit exceptionally strong and long-lasting heritable RNAi.
  • Transgenerational RNAi capacity in meg-3/4 mutants depends on ancestral genotype and lineage, mediated by small RNA inheritance, not maternal germ granules.
  • Germ granule disruption leads to heritable genome-wide mis-expression of endogenous small RNAs.
  • hrde-1 mutants can inherit RNAi despite germ granule disruption, challenging previous requirements for HRDE-1.

Conclusions:

  • Germ granules are not strictly required for initial transgenerational small RNA inheritance.
  • Germ granules may sort and shape the small RNA pool, with small RNA inheritance maintaining this function across generations.
  • Defects in germ granules can lead to altered small RNA profiles and heritable epigenetic changes.