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Telomeres and Telomerase

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...

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Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins. This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin...

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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Trauma on Cellular Aging

Author Spotlight: Exploring the Impact of Trauma on Cellular Aging

Published on: March 22, 2024

CtIP is essential for telomere replication.

Susanna Stroik¹, Kevin Kurtz¹, Eric A Hendrickson¹

¹Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research

|August 6, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The DNA repair protein CtIP (C-terminal binding protein interacting protein) protects human telomere integrity. Without CtIP, telomeres shorten, leading to genomic instability and cell death.

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
DNA Repair Mechanisms

Background:

Telomere length maintenance is crucial for cellular longevity and genomic stability.
Dysfunctional telomeres lead to genomic instability, characterized by shortening, breaks, and fusions.
CtIP (C-terminal binding protein interacting protein) is a known DNA repair protein involved in double-strand break resection.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of CtIP in maintaining human telomere length and integrity.
To elucidate the mechanisms by which CtIP influences telomere replication and stability.

Main Methods:

Analysis of telomere length and structure in human cells lacking CtIP.
Assessment of DNA double-strand breaks and telomere fusions.
Investigation of extrachromosomal telomeric DNA formation and replication fork dynamics.

Main Results:

Absence of CtIP leads to rapid human telomere shortening to non-viable lengths.
CtIP deficiency results in increased telomere dysfunction, including fusions, breaks, and loss.
CtIP suppresses the formation of extrachromosomal telomeric DNA, which arises from stalled replication forks.

Conclusions:

CtIP plays a critical, previously unrecognized role in protecting human telomere integrity.
CtIP is essential for faithful replication through telomeres, particularly at stalled replication tracts.
CtIP functions as a key guardian of telomere stability, preventing genomic instability.