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Related Concept Videos

Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes02:35

Acid-Catalyzed Dehydration of Alcohols to Alkenes

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In a dehydration reaction, a hydroxyl group in an alcohol is eliminated along with the hydrogen from an adjacent carbon. Here, the products are an alkene and a molecule of water. Dehydration of alcohols is generally achieved by heating in the presence of an acid catalyst. While the dehydration of primary alcohols requires high temperatures and acid concentrations, secondary and tertiary alcohols can lose a water molecule under relatively mild conditions.
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PD Controller: Design01:26

PD Controller: Design

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In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...
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Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:24

Acid-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

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Epoxides that are three-membered ring systems are more reactive than other cyclic and acyclic ethers. The high reactivity of epoxides originates from the strain present in the ring. This ring strain acts as a driving force for epoxides to undergo ring-opening reactions either with halogen acids or weak nucleophiles in the presence of mild acid. The acid catalyst converts the epoxide oxygen, a poor leaving group, into an oxonium ion, a better leaving group, making the reaction feasible. The...
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Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides02:26

Base-Catalyzed Ring-Opening of Epoxides

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Due to their highly strained structures, epoxides can readily undergo ring-opening reactions through nucleophilic substitution, either in the presence of an acid or a base. The nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of acid are called acid-catalyzed ring-opening reactions, and nucleophilic substitution reactions in the presence of a base are called base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions. Epoxides undergo base-catalyzed ring-opening reactions in the presence of a strong nucleophile...
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Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

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Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
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Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

15.7K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
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Acceptorless Alcohol Dehydrogenation Catalysed by Pd/C.

Guillermo Nicolau1, Giulia Tarantino1, Ceri Hammond1

  • 1Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK.

Chemsuschem
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a sustainable method for converting alcohols to carbonyl compounds using continuous, acceptorless dehydrogenation. This process co-produces hydrogen gas and achieves high selectivity and efficiency, surpassing current standards.

Keywords:
alcohol oxidationdehydrogenationheterogeneous catalysishydrogen storagenanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Green Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Selective oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds is crucial but faces sustainability challenges.
  • Existing methods often require oxidants, bases, or acceptor molecules, leading to waste and lower atom efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a continuous, acceptorless dehydrogenation process for alcohols to carbonyl compounds.
  • To improve selectivity, atom efficiency, and sustainability in alcohol oxidation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized heterogeneous catalysts for the continuous dehydrogenation of alcohols.
  • Conducted the reaction in the absence of external oxidants, bases, or acceptor molecules.
  • Investigated reaction kinetics and identified elementary reaction steps.

Main Results:

  • Achieved >98% selectivity for dehydrogenation to carbonyl compounds.
  • Demonstrated high turnover frequency values, among the highest reported.
  • Co-produced molecular hydrogen (H2) as a clean energy source.
  • Exhibited excellent durability over 48 hours of continuous operation.
  • Reached space-time yields exceeding the state of the art by two orders of magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • The developed acceptorless dehydrogenation offers a highly selective, efficient, and sustainable route to carbonyl compounds.
  • The process generates valuable hydrogen gas, enhancing its green credentials.
  • The identified kinetic parameters provide fundamental insights into the reaction mechanism.