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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

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Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
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Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

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Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
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Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
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Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management01:22

Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
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Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

841
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
841
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

279
Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Ischemia-reperfusion Model of Acute Kidney Injury and Post Injury Fibrosis in Mice
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Distant organ dysfunction in acute kidney injury.

Faeq Husain-Syed1,2, Mitchell H Rosner3, Claudio Ronco2,4

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Pulmonology, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.

Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Acute kidney injury (AKI) impacts multiple organs, leading to severe illness and death. Understanding AKI

Keywords:
acute respiratory distress syndromecardiorenal syndromescritical illnesshepatorenal syndromemultiple organ dysfunction syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in critically ill patients, significantly increasing morbidity and mortality.
  • Clinical data link AKI to injuries in distant organs, notably the lungs, heart, liver, and intestines.
  • This distant organ damage can progress to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and fatal outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review clinical and preclinical evidence of AKI's role in distant organ injury.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying AKI-induced organ damage.
  • To inform the development of therapies for AKI and its complications.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of clinical studies on AKI and organ damage.
  • Analysis of preclinical (animal model) studies investigating AKI mechanisms.
  • Synthesis of data on inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic pathways.

Main Results:

  • Animal models provide strong evidence for AKI-induced distant organ injury.
  • Identified mechanisms include systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and leukocyte activation.
  • AKI is a significant risk factor for progression to multiple organ dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • AKI is a systemic disease with far-reaching consequences beyond the kidneys.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of AKI-induced organ damage is crucial for therapeutic development.
  • Targeting these pathways may reduce AKI-related mortality and morbidity.