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Related Concept Videos

Encoding01:19

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Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

An Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Ageing on Sentence Processing
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Age Differences in Encoding-Related Alpha Power Reflect Sentence Comprehension Difficulties.

Caroline Beese1, Benedict Vassileiou1, Angela D Friederici1

  • 1Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults experience sentence comprehension difficulties due to age-related declines in verbal working memory. Research shows altered alpha band activity during sentence encoding may explain these age-related comprehension challenges.

Keywords:
agingalpha bandencodingneural oscillationssentence comprehension

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Sentence processing relies on verbal working memory, and comprehension declines when processing resources are taxed.
  • Advancing adult age is associated with reduced processing resources, impacting sentence encoding and comprehension.
  • Electrophysiological activity during encoding is crucial for understanding age-related comprehension differences.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in electrophysiological activity during sentence encoding.
  • To examine how subsequent memory effects (SME) in oscillatory power vary across different adult age groups.
  • To correlate these electrophysiological changes with sentence comprehension accuracy.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) from three age groups (24, 43, 65 years).
  • Administered an auditory sentence comprehension task.
  • Analyzed age differences in encoding-related oscillatory power, focusing on SMEs (difference in power between correct and incorrect trials).

Main Results:

  • An age-related inversion in alpha band SME was observed: younger adults showed a power decrease, while older adults showed a power increase.
  • This alpha band SME inversion suggests differing cortical inhibition-disinhibition balances across age groups during encoding.
  • Findings link age-related comprehension difficulties to altered electrophysiological dynamics in sentence encoding.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related comprehension difficulties may stem from an inversion in alpha band subsequent memory effects.
  • This inversion suggests a shift in cortical inhibition-disinhibition balance, potentially reflecting resource limitations in older adults.
  • Alterations in electrophysiological dynamics during sentence encoding are associated with age-related declines in higher cognitive functions like comprehension.