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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

A Combined 3D Tissue Engineered In Vitro/In Silico Lung Tumor Model for Predicting Drug Effectiveness in Specific Mutational Backgrounds
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Predicting Specificities Under the Non-self Gametophytic Self-Incompatibility Recognition Model.

Jorge Vieira1,2, Sara Rocha1,2, Noé Vázquez3,4

  • 1Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.

Frontiers in Plant Science
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) relies on F-box genes (SLFs) interacting with S-RNases. This study identifies SLF gene lineages across genera and pinpoints 16 amino acid sites crucial for GSI specificity.

Keywords:
BDBMS-RNaseSLFsSolanaceaepositive selectionself-incompatibilityspecificity recognition

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Area of Science:

  • Plant reproductive biology
  • Molecular evolution
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) is a genetic system preventing self-fertilization in flowering plants.
  • The GSI recognition mechanism involves pollen-expressed F-box proteins (SLFs) interacting with pistil-expressed S-RNases.
  • While studied in Petunia, the evolutionary dynamics and specificity determinants of SLFs in other GSI-bearing genera like Solanum and Nicotiana remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize putative SLF genes across multiple Solanum and Nicotiana genomes.
  • To determine the number of SLF gene lineages and estimate the rate of new lineage evolution in these genera.
  • To identify specific amino acid residues within SLFs that are under positive selection and likely responsible for S-RNase interaction and specificity.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis of SLF genes from nine Solanum and 10 Nicotiana genomes.
  • Comparative genomics to assess SLF gene lineage diversity and evolutionary rates.
  • Identification of positively selected amino acid sites in Petunia SLFs using selection analysis.
  • In silico analysis of SLF and S-RNase 3D structures to predict interaction sites.

Main Results:

  • A similar number of SLF gene lineages were found across Solanum, Nicotiana, and Petunia, suggesting comparable effective population sizes and specificity repertoires.
  • The estimated rate of new SLF specificity evolution is approximately one per 10 million years.
  • Sixteen amino acid positions in SLFs were identified as being under positive selection and likely involved in S-RNase recognition.
  • Fixed differences in amino acid properties (hydrophobicity, charge, polarity, size) were observed at these positions between different self-incompatibility groups.

Conclusions:

  • The diversification of SLF genes predates the divergence of Solanum and Nicotiana, indicating ancient evolutionary origins.
  • The identified amino acid positions provide a molecular basis for understanding SLF-S-RNase specificity and the evolution of self-incompatibility.
  • This methodology offers a powerful approach for inferring SLF/S-RNase specificity recognition mechanisms in GSI systems.