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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Targeting Gray Rami Communicantes in Selective Chemical Lumbar Sympathectomy
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Comparative transcriptomics reveals the selection patterns of domesticated ramie.

Kun-Yong Huang1, Ai-Guo Zhu1, Xiao-Rong Chen2

  • 1Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Stem-Fiber Biomass and Engineering Microbiology Ministry of Agriculture Changsha China.

Ecology and Evolution
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Domestication of ramie (Boehmeria nivea) has altered its genes, enhancing stress responses and fiber yield. This study reveals key genetic changes, including positive selection in stress and flowering pathways, important for ramie improvement.

Keywords:
Ka/Ksdifferentially expressed genesdomesticationphylogenetic relationshipramieselective pattern

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Area of Science:

  • Plant genetics
  • Evolutionary biology
  • Agricultural science

Background:

  • Domestication significantly impacts plant traits but its genetic underpinnings in ramie (Boehmeria nivea) are understudied.
  • Understanding genetic variation and selection patterns is crucial for improving this important fiber crop.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the selective patterns and genetic relationships among cultivated and wild ramie species.
  • To identify genes and pathways affected by domestication in Boehmeria nivea.

Main Methods:

  • Performed de novo transcriptome assembly using RNA sequencing on cultivated (BNZ) and wild ramie varieties (BNT, BNN, BNW, BAN).
  • Analyzed phylogenetic relationships, gene flow (introgression), and identified genes under purifying and positive selection.
  • Utilized Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis to identify key biological processes.

Main Results:

  • Assembled a transcriptome with 119,114 unigenes and identified 7,084 orthologous gene pairs.
  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct clustering of varieties, with evidence of gene flow between them.
  • Identified 269 genes under positive selection, enriched in oxidation-reduction and stress response pathways. Flowering-related genes and those involved in abiotic/biotic stress tolerance showed evidence of selection and differential expression.

Conclusions:

  • Domestication has driven significant genetic changes in ramie, particularly in genes related to stress response, fiber yield, and growth.
  • Positive selection has shaped ramie's evolution, with evidence of human manipulation in flowering time regulation.
  • Upregulation of stress-response genes in cultivated ramie suggests adaptation to environmental and agricultural pressures.