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Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
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Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Author Spotlight: Metallic Nanocomposites to Eliminate Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria
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A Multifunctional Biodegradable Nanocomposite for Cancer Theranostics.

Jianrong Wu1, Gareth R Williams2, Shiwei Niu1

  • 1College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Donghua University Shanghai 201620 P. R. China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces biodegradable nanoparticles for dual-modality imaging and synergistic cancer therapy. The theranostic platform combines chemotherapy, photothermal therapy, and ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging for precision medicine.

Keywords:
biodegradablechemo‐photothermal therapyhollow mesoporous organosilicananotheranosticsprodrugsultrasound imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Theranostic formulations integrate diagnostic and therapeutic functions for precision medicine.
  • Developing biodegradable nanocarriers is crucial for advanced drug delivery and cancer therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a biodegradable theranostic system based on hollow mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (HMONs).
  • To explore its potential for ultrasound/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging guided chemo-photothermal therapy of cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized glutathione-responsive HMONs incorporating disulfide bonds.
  • Loaded HMONs with indocyanine green (ICG) as a photothermal agent and perfluoropentane (PFP) for ultrasound imaging.
  • Developed a paclitaxel prodrug as a redox-sensitive gatekeeper and chemotherapeutic.

Main Results:

  • The HMONs demonstrated glutathione-responsive biodegradation.
  • Achieved effective dual-modality ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging.
  • Demonstrated potent synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy both in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • The developed biodegradable theranostic nanoparticles show promise for advanced cancer treatment.
  • This platform offers a potential strategy for precision cancer therapy by combining imaging and synergistic treatment.