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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

658
Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
658
Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
454

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Advancing urological practice: the value of combined antegrade and retrograde ureterography for the management of complex ureteral strictures.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model
05:09

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Urethral stricture after phalloplasty.

Min Suk Jun1, Richard A Santucci2

  • 1Reconstructive Urology and Trauma, Temple University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Translational Andrology and Urology
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Phalloplasty complications, such as urethrocutaneous fistulas and urethral strictures, remain high despite surgical advances. Reconstructive urologists must be proficient in diagnosing and treating these issues for transgender men.

Keywords:
Gender confirming surgerygender dysphoriaphalloplastytransgenderurethral strictureurinary fistula

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Gender-affirming surgery

Background:

  • Phalloplasty is a crucial gender-affirming surgery for transgender men experiencing gender dysphoria.
  • The surgery is complex, with significant potential for complications, primarily urinary issues like urethrocutaneous fistulas and urethral strictures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the persistent high rates of phalloplasty complications.
  • To emphasize the need for reconstructive urologists to be proficient in managing these complications given the growth in gender-affirming surgeries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common phalloplasty complications.
  • Analysis of trends in surgical techniques and complication rates.
  • Discussion of the increasing role of reconstructive urologists in managing post-phalloplasty issues.

Main Results:

  • Urinary complications, specifically urethrocutaneous fistulas and urethral strictures, are the most frequent post-phalloplasty issues.
  • Despite improvements in surgical techniques, complication rates remain substantial.
  • The increasing demand for gender-affirming surgery necessitates broader expertise in managing its complications.

Conclusions:

  • Transgender surgeons must possess deep knowledge of phalloplasty complication diagnosis and treatment.
  • Reconstructive urologists will increasingly encounter and must be prepared to manage these complications.
  • Proficiency in managing phalloplasty complications is essential for achieving positive outcomes for transgender patients.