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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
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Proteins are involved in several cellular processes and biochemical reactions. Analyzing a specific protein of interest requires it to be isolated from the other proteins in the cell. This is achieved by overexpressing the specific gene in a suitable host to produce large quantities of the target protein. A tag or label is recombined with the gene to produce a fusion protein containing the target protein and the tag. The tags on these fusion proteins can then be used for easy detection and...
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SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
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Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment
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Visualization, Quantification, and Mapping of Immune Cell Populations in the Tumor Microenvironment

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Tumor Microenvironment and Cell Fusion.

Erhui Jiang1, Tinglin Yan1, Zhi Xu2

  • 1The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, China.

Biomed Research International
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cell fusion in the tumor microenvironment creates hybrid cells with aggressive traits. Understanding these fusions is key to developing new antitumor therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cell fusion is a natural process vital for physiological and pathological functions.
  • Aberrant cell fusion, particularly within the tumor microenvironment, drives cancer progression.
  • The tumor microenvironment significantly influences cell fusion dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review fusogenic cells within the tumor microenvironment.
  • To summarize microenvironmental factors impacting tumor cell fusion.
  • To provide a reference for future research and antitumor therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cell fusion in cancer.
  • Analysis of tumor microenvironment interactions.
  • Identification of fusogenic cell types and influencing factors.

Main Results:

  • Tumor cell fusion with microenvironmental cells generates hybrids with enhanced malignancy.
  • These hybrids exhibit tumor stem cell-like properties, resistance, and metastatic potential.
  • Phenotypic heterogeneity arises from diverse parental cell fusions.

Conclusions:

  • Cell fusion is a critical mechanism in tumor initiation, invasion, and metastasis.
  • Identifying fusogenic cells and factors can lead to novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Cell fusion-based approaches offer promising avenues for cancer treatment.