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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
A helium nucleus has a mass that is 0.7% less than that of four hydrogen nuclei; this lost mass is converted into energy during the fusion. This reaction produces about...
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Tagging and Fusion Proteins01:24

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Proteins are involved in several cellular processes and biochemical reactions. Analyzing a specific protein of interest requires it to be isolated from the other proteins in the cell. This is achieved by overexpressing the specific gene in a suitable host to produce large quantities of the target protein. A tag or label is recombined with the gene to produce a fusion protein containing the target protein and the tag. The tags on these fusion proteins can then be used for easy detection and...
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SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Hybrid Zones02:29

Hybrid Zones

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Hybrid zones are narrow regions where two closely related species interact, mate, and produce hybrids. Relative to either parent species, hybrids may possess distinct phenotypic or genetic differences that impact their survival and reproductive success. The genetic variances introduced by hybridization influence species diversity and speciation processes within the hybrid zone.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Novel Mini-open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion
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Novel Mini-open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Published on: June 6, 2025

621

Interbody options in lumbar fusion.

Dil V Patel1, Joon S Yoo1, Sailee S Karmarkar1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.

Journal of Spine Surgery (Hong Kong)
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Interbody devices significantly improve lumbar fusion surgery outcomes. Choosing the optimal device based on shape, size, and material is crucial for successful spinal fusion.

Keywords:
Interbody devicesbone graftslumbar fusionosteobiologics

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Area of Science:

  • Spinal Surgery
  • Biomaterials
  • Orthopedic Devices

Background:

  • Interbody devices have transformed lumbar fusion surgery.
  • Various approaches and device types cater to different patient needs and surgeon preferences.
  • Cage material, shape, and size are critical for fusion success.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the properties of current interbody devices for lumbar fusion.
  • To discuss advancements in interbody device technology.
  • To guide the selection of optimal cages for specific lumbar fusion cases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of interbody devices used in lumbar fusion.
  • Analysis of cage materials, dimensions, and biomechanical properties.
  • Discussion of emerging technologies and future trends.

Main Results:

  • Interbody devices enhance mechanical stability, sagittal alignment, and fusion rates.
  • A wide array of cage designs and materials are available.
  • Device characteristics significantly impact fusion efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • The selection of an appropriate interbody device is paramount for successful lumbar fusion.
  • Ongoing advancements in materials and design continue to improve surgical outcomes.
  • Understanding device properties is key to optimizing patient treatment.