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Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

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Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
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Convergent Evolution01:54

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Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
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Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

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The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
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Synteny and Evolution02:31

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John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Molecular Evolution of the Tre Recombinase
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Inherent forms and the evolution of evolution.

Stuart A Newman1

  • 1Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.

Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part B, Molecular and Developmental Evolution
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Organism evolution has evolved. Understanding multicellular evolution requires examining inherent lineage forms, considering physical constraints beyond just genes and adaptation.

Keywords:
biogenericdynamical patterning modulesmorphogenesisneutral phenotypes

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary developmental biology
  • Biophysics
  • Comparative genomics

Background:

  • John Bonner's conjecture proposed that the mechanisms of evolution have themselves evolved.
  • Earlier work by Bonner introduced "neutral phenotypes" and "neutral morphologies," influenced by D'Arcy Thompson's work on physical determinants of form.
  • The study of social amoebae revealed conditional elicitation of intrinsic organizational properties in cell aggregates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of multicellularity by comparing developmental mechanisms across diverse life forms.
  • To re-evaluate Bonner's earlier proposals on neutral phenotypes and morphologies in the context of multicellular evolution.
  • To identify causative factors in multicellular evolution beyond genetic and adaptive explanations.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of morphogenesis and developmental outcomes in metazoan embryos, holozoans, dictyostelids, and volvocine algae.
  • Examination of shared and disparate mechanistic bases for development across these lineages.
  • Integration of concepts from developmental biology, evolutionary theory, and physical sciences.

Main Results:

  • Developmental outcomes and morphogenesis share mechanistic bases across diverse multicellular and unicellular lineages.
  • Inherent forms and physical properties of developing organisms play a crucial role in evolutionary trajectories.
  • The evolution of multicellularity is shaped by factors including material physics and inherent organizational properties, not solely by genes and adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the evolution of multicellularity necessitates considering the inherent forms of diversifying lineages.
  • Causative factors for multicellular evolution extend beyond genes and adaptation to include the physics of materials.
  • Bonner's earlier proposals regarding neutral phenotypes and morphologies are relevant to understanding the evolution of multicellular life.