Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect01:26

Causes of Similarity-Dissimilarity Effect

262
The similarity-dissimilarity effect, a fundamental concept in social psychology, explains how interpersonal similarities and differences influence attraction and social interactions. This effect is supported by three key psychological perspectives: balance theory, social comparison theory, and consensual validation.Balance Theory and Cognitive ConsistencyBalance theory, developed by Fritz Heider, posits that individuals seek cognitive consistency in their relationships. When two people share...
262
Hydration of Cement01:24

Hydration of Cement

843
Hydration of cement is a chemical reaction between cement particles and water. This process occurs primarily through two mechanisms: through-solution and topochemical. In the through-solution process, anhydrous compounds dissolve into their constituents, hydrates form in the solution, and then precipitate from the supersaturated solution. The topochemical process involves solid-state reactions at the cement particle surface. The through-solution process dominates the topochemical process at the...
843
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

17.6K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
17.6K
Factors Influencing Attraction III: Similarity01:23

Factors Influencing Attraction III: Similarity

700
The similarity hypothesis suggests that individuals are more likely to form relationships with others who share similar attitudes, beliefs, values, and interests. This concept has been widely studied in social psychology, demonstrating that perceived similarity fosters interpersonal attraction. In an experiment supporting this hypothesis, participants were presented with fabricated information indicating that strangers held attitudes similar to their own. The results showed that participants...
700
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene01:20

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration of Benzene

8.3K
The nitration of benzene is an example of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction. It involves the formation of a very powerful electrophile, the nitronium ion, which is linear in shape. The reaction occurs through the interaction of two strong acids, sulfuric and nitric acid.
8.3K
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

1.5K
In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

From atoms to a data bank: optimizing transferability of electron-density symmetry.

Acta crystallographica. Section A, Foundations and advances·2026
Same author

Additive-driven microwave crystallization of tyramine polymorphs and salts: a quantum crystallography perspective. Corrigendum.

IUCrJ·2026
Same author

<i>pyDiSCaMB</i>: enabling the use of multipolar scattering factors in <i>Phenix</i>.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026
Same author

Helical <i>vs.</i> non-helical nematic and lamellar proper ferroelectric liquid crystal phases.

Soft matter·2026
Same author

BEST-CSP Benchmark Study of Polymorphs I and II of Sulfamerazine and the Perils of Polytype Polymorphs.

Crystal growth & design·2026
Same author

Focus on Quantum Crystallography.

IUCrJ·2025
Same journal

Homopolyatomic bismuth cluster compound Bi<sub>8</sub>[AlBr<sub>4</sub>]<sub>2</sub>: synthesis, structural characterization, and electronic structure.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2026
Same journal

Tying up lots of loose ends: dealing with unpublished crystal structures.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2026
Same journal

Can halogen atoms in coumarin derivatives affect the structure and antiproliferative activity of nickel(II) complexes?

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2026
Same journal

Semi-automated MicroED system unveils multiple polymorphs in fish-derived guanine crystals.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2026
Same journal

Halogen and hydrogen bonding of 3,6-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine and 3,6-bis(pyridin-4-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2026
Same journal

From central chirality to helical chirality: two chiral coordination polymers based on a lactic acid derivative and their SHG responses.

Acta crystallographica. Section C, Structural chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
07:19

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

Published on: July 29, 2021

2.7K

Differences and similarities among hypoxanthinium nitrate hydrate structures.

Małgorzata Katarzyna Cabaj1, Roman Gajda1, Anna Hoser1

  • 1Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, Warszawa 02-089, Poland.

Acta Crystallographica. Section C, Structural Chemistry
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

X-ray diffraction revealed phase transitions in hypoxanthinium nitrate hydrates. Hypoxanthinium dinitrate trihydrate exhibits a layered structure, acting as a solid solution of two distinct salts.

Keywords:
NCIZundelcrystal structurehydrogen bondinghypoxanthiniumnitratenoncovalent interactionsnucleobases

More Related Videos

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.9K
One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates
06:00

One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

Published on: January 15, 2018

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
07:19

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

Published on: July 29, 2021

2.7K
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.9K
One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates
06:00

One-pot Microwave-assisted Conversion of Anomeric Nitrate-esters to Trichloroacetimidates

Published on: January 15, 2018

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Solid-state chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Hypoxanthinium nitrate hydrates are purine derivatives with potential biological and material applications.
  • Previous studies characterized the room-temperature phase of hypoxanthinium nitrate monohydrate.
  • The low-temperature behavior and the structure of hypoxanthinium dinitrate trihydrate remained uninvestigated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the crystal structures of hypoxanthinium nitrate monohydrate and hypoxanthinium dinitrate trihydrate at various temperatures.
  • To elucidate the phase transition behavior of hypoxanthinium nitrate monohydrate at low temperatures.
  • To determine the structural characteristics of hypoxanthinium dinitrate trihydrate.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray diffraction was employed to collect crystallographic data.
  • Crystals were analyzed at temperatures including 20 K, 105 K, and 285 K.
  • Structural analysis involved determining space groups and identifying structural motifs.

Main Results:

  • Hypoxanthinium nitrate monohydrate undergoes a phase transition from Pmnb to P21/n space group at low temperatures, leading to nonmerohedral twinning.
  • The structure of hypoxanthinium dinitrate trihydrate was determined, revealing distinct layers.
  • Hypoxanthinium dinitrate trihydrate can be viewed as a solid solution of hypoxanthinium nitrate monohydrate and oxonium nitrate monohydrate.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides new insights into the temperature-dependent structural behavior of hypoxanthinium nitrate hydrates.
  • The layered structure of hypoxanthinium dinitrate trihydrate offers a unique solid-state arrangement.
  • Understanding these structures is crucial for potential applications in materials science and coordination chemistry.