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An evolutionary framework for host shifts - jumping ships for survival
Marco Thines1,2,3
1Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60486, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
The New Phytologist
|August 6, 2019
Summary
Pathogen host jumping drives rapid evolution and diversification, enabling survival through specialization and speciation. This process is crucial for plant pathogen evolution, leading to new host groups.
Area of Science:
- Evolutionary Biology
- Pathogen Dynamics
- Molecular Phylogenetics
Background:
- Host jumping is key to pathogen evolution and diversification.
- Obligate biotrophic pathogens were thought to rarely jump hosts, but evidence suggests otherwise.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review concepts and findings on host jumping in pathogen evolution.
- To present hypotheses explaining the prevalence and impact of host jumps.
Main Methods:
- Review of molecular phylogenetics studies.
- Analysis of evolutionary concepts and recent findings.
- Hypothesis generation based on observed patterns.
Main Results:
- Host jumps facilitate rapid pathogen radiation, specialization, and speciation.
- Factors like effector innovations and host similarities promote host jumps.
- Speciation occurs rapidly, within centuries to millennia.
Conclusions:
- Host jumping is essential for plant pathogen survival and diversification.
- Failure to adapt or jump hosts leads to extinction.
- Observed pathogen diversity reflects a mosaic of host groups over evolutionary time.
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