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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Line Loss01:10

Line Loss

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The different configurations of source-load connections include wye (star) and delta connections. The relationship between line and phase voltages and currents varies depending on the configuration. When the source is supplying power, it is transmitted through the wires to the load, and during this transmission, some power is absorbed by the wires, leading to line loss.
Line loss impacts power delivery efficiency in a balanced three-phase circuit. The symmetry in such a circuit simplifies the...
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Reducing Line Loss01:18

Reducing Line Loss

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In a three-phase circuit, line loss is an indicator of energy dissipated as heat due to the resistance of transmission lines. To address this, incorporating transformers into the system—a step-up transformer at the source and a step-down transformer at the load—is a strategic solution. Two three-phase transformers are introduced to improve this.
With a step-up transformer at the source, the voltage is increased, thereby reducing the current in the transmission lines since power loss in...
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Major Losses in Pipes01:28

Major Losses in Pipes

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When a fluid flows through a pipe, it experiences energy losses due to frictional resistance along the pipe walls, known as major losses. These energy losses result in a pressure drop, which varies based on the flow conditions — whether laminar or turbulent — and the specific physical properties of the fluid and pipe.
Fluid flow can be classified as laminar or turbulent, primarily based on the Reynolds number. This dimensionless number reflects the relative influence of inertial to viscous...
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Minor Losses in Pipes01:25

Minor Losses in Pipes

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In pipe systems, minor losses refer to energy losses arising from components such as valves, bends, fittings, expansions, and other features that disrupt the steady flow of fluid. These disturbances cause energy dissipation through turbulence and resistance, which engineers quantify to manage system efficiency effectively.
Valves play a significant role in generating minor losses by obstructing or redirecting the fluid flow. When a valve is closed or partially closed, it restricts the flow...
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Energy Losses in Transformers01:21

Energy Losses in Transformers

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In an ideal transformer, it is assumed that there are no energy losses, and, hence, all the power at the primary winding is transferred to the secondary winding. However, in reality,  the transformers always have some energy losses, and, hence, the output power obtained at the secondary winding is less than the input power at the primary winding due to energy losses.
There are four main reasons for energy losses in transformers.
The first cause can be  the high resistance of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss
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Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

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Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss induced by regorafenib.

Jun Cheng1, Long Wang1, Ling Na Zhu1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy, The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu Affiliated with Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.

Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Regorafenib, a cancer drug, can cause sudden bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. This case report highlights a rare side effect of regorafenib in cancer patients.

Keywords:
hearing lossregorafenibside effect

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Regorafenib is a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor used for metastatic colorectal cancer, advanced gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
  • Its known side effects include hand-foot skin reaction, hypertension, and fatigue.

Observation:

  • A 48-year-old woman with metastatic colon cancer developed sudden bilateral hearing loss 15 days after initiating regorafenib treatment.
  • The hearing loss occurred shortly after a dose increase from 80 mg/d to 120 mg/d.

Findings:

  • This case represents the first documented instance of bilateral sensorineural hearing loss directly induced by regorafenib.
  • Discontinuation of regorafenib and treatment with intravenous steroids led to subjective partial hearing improvement within five weeks.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should be vigilant for hearing loss as a potential adverse event in patients treated with regorafenib.
  • Further research is warranted to understand the mechanism and incidence of regorafenib-induced ototoxicity.