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Related Concept Videos

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors01:28

Types of Receptors: Cell Surface Receptors

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Cell-surface receptors, also known as transmembrane receptors, are cell surface, membrane-anchored (integral) proteins that bind to external ligand molecules. This type of receptor spans the plasma membrane and performs signal transduction, converting an extracellular signal into an intracellular signal. Ligands that interact with cell-surface receptors do not have to enter the cell that they affect. Cell-surface receptors are also called cell-specific proteins or markers because they are...
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Cell-surface Signaling01:21

Cell-surface Signaling

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Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
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Cancer Stem Cells and Tumor Maintenance02:40

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Early diagnosis and treatment can often cure cancer. However, even with treatment, residual cells called cancer stem cells (CSC) might remain, often causing tumor recurrence. These cancer stem cells possess the potential for self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation and are often responsible for the therapeutic resistance displayed in most cancers.
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Engineered stem cells targeting multiple cell surface receptors in tumors.

Sanam L Kavari1,2, Khalid Shah1,2,3

  • 1Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

Stem Cells (Dayton, Ohio)
|August 6, 2019
PubMed
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Engineered stem cells target multiple receptors on cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. This review explores strategies, mechanisms, and potential of these advanced stem cell therapeutics for cancer treatment.

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adult stem cellscancercell deathcell surface receptorssignal transduction

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Cancer Therapeutics

Background:

  • Stem cells naturally target tumors, offering potential for cancer therapy.
  • Engineered stem cells can be designed to specifically target cancer cells.
  • Recent advancements involve engineering stem cells to target multiple receptors on tumor and microenvironment cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review rationales and strategies for developing multi-receptor targeted stem cells for cancer therapy.
  • To discuss the mechanisms of action for these engineered stem cells.
  • To explore the potential and challenges of multi-receptor targeted stem cells as cancer therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on stem cell tropism and engineering for cancer targeting.
  • Analysis of strategies for targeting multiple receptors on tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment.
  • Discussion of stem cell mechanisms of action in preclinical and clinical settings.

Main Results:

  • Stem cells can be engineered to target diverse cell types within the tumor microenvironment.
  • Multi-receptor targeting enhances specificity and efficacy of stem cell-based cancer therapies.
  • Engineered stem cells demonstrate promise in preclinical cancer models.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-receptor targeted stem cells represent a promising strategy for advanced cancer therapeutics.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and optimize clinical translation.
  • Stem cell engineering offers a versatile platform for developing novel cancer treatments.