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Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
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Like autosomes, sex chromosomes contain a variety of genes necessary for normal body function. When a mutation in one of these genes results in biological deficits, the disorder is considered sex-linked.
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Improving linking interface between collagen-based hydrogels and bone-like substrates.

Anna Mas-Vinyals1, Joan Gilabert-Porres1, Laura Figueras-Esteve1

  • 1Grup d'Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta, 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|August 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel method for immobilizing collagen hydrogels onto substrates using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. This technique is crucial for creating advanced regenerative medicine scaffolds with tailored properties.

Keywords:
CollagenHeterogeneous scaffoldsHydrogelsPECVDQCM-DRegenerative medicineTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Regenerative medicine often requires heterogeneous scaffolds to mimic native tissue properties.
  • Achieving intimate contact between scaffold layers is vital for optimal construct performance.
  • Existing methods for scaffold fabrication can be limited in their ability to create complex, multi-layered structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a versatile procedure for immobilizing collagen-based hydrogels onto various substrates.
  • To utilize self-assembly principles for creating robust collagen hydrogel layers.
  • To establish a method for fabricating heterogeneous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.

Main Methods:

  • Coating substrates with pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (PFM) using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.
  • Immobilizing a collagen monolayer onto the PFM-coated surface via amine reactivity.
  • Utilizing quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) to monitor collagen-substrate interaction and fibril formation.
  • Confirming collagen fibril formation using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Successful immobilization of collagen hydrogels onto PFM-coated substrates was achieved.
  • The PFM coating effectively anchors the collagen monolayer, enabling subsequent hydrogel formation.
  • QCM-D provided real-time insights into collagen adsorption and fibril assembly kinetics.
  • A correlation was established between QCM-D measurements and microscopy observations of fibril formation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed procedure offers a reliable method for creating collagen-based hydrogel layers on diverse substrates.
  • This technique facilitates the fabrication of heterogeneous scaffolds essential for regenerative medicine.
  • The use of QCM-D is demonstrated as a powerful tool for designing and controlling collagen self-assembly processes.