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Related Concept Videos

Impact of Groups on Groups01:19

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Social psychologists analyze how groups influence one another, shaping social structures and interactions through both cooperation and competition. These dynamics manifest in various ways, ranging from economic partnerships to intergroup conflicts that shape societal structures and perceptions.Cooperation and Competition in Intergroup RelationsIntergroup relationships vary across contexts, sometimes fostering cooperation and mutual benefit while at other times leading to conflict and...
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Impact01:30

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Impact occurs when two bodies collide, leading to the application of impulsive forces between them. Analyzing impact mechanics involves considering two colliding particles moving along a line known as the line of impact, which passes through their centers and is perpendicular to the contact plane.
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Other Nuclides: 31P, 19F, 15N NMR01:16

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Many organic, inorganic, and biological molecules contain spin-half nuclei such as nitrogen-15, fluorine-19, and phosphorus-31. As a result, NMR studies of these nuclei have found extensive applications in chemical and biological research.
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Impact Loading01:19

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Impact loading occurs when a moving object collides with a stationary structure, such as a rod with a uniform cross-sectional area fixed at one end. Under these conditions, the rod absorbs the kinetic energy from the striking object, leading to deformation and subsequent stress development. As the rod returns to its original position and reaches maximum stress, the absorbed energy, initially manifested as kinetic energy, transforms entirely into strain energy.
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Impacts can be classified in various forms, primarily under two subgroups: central impact and oblique impact. A central impact occurs when two objects collide head-on, possessing opposite velocities aligned along the line of impact. Conversely, an oblique impact occurs when two objects collide at an angle, resulting in a modification of both direction and velocity.
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In an experiment conducted during a Mars mission, a rover propels a projectile with an initial velocity, and the projectile rebounds after colliding with the Martian surface. To ascertain the maximum height attained by the projectile after this collision, the known restitution coefficient and acceleration due to gravity are employed.
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Related Experiment Video

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Using Microarrays to Interrogate Microenvironmental Impact on Cellular Phenotypes in Cancer
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Identifying Cancers Impacted by CDK8/19.

Igor B Roninson1,2, Balázs Győrffy3,4, Zachary T Mack1

  • 1Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.

Cells
|August 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CDK8 and CDK19 inhibitors show promise in treating cancers driven by transcriptional changes. These Mediator kinases are frequently altered in aggressive prostate cancers and other malignancies, suggesting broader therapeutic potential.

Keywords:
CDK19CDK8Cyclin Ccancer genomicssurvival correlations

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 8 and CDK19 are Mediator complex kinases involved in transcriptional regulation.
  • These kinases are implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancers.
  • CDK8/19 inhibitors are entering clinical trials for breast cancer and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify additional cancer types that may benefit from CDK8/19 inhibitor therapy.
  • To investigate the role of CDK8, CDK19, and CCNC in different tumor types.

Main Methods:

  • Querying genomic and transcriptomic databases.
  • sgRNA screening of tumor cell lines.
  • Analysis of clinical samples for gene alterations and survival correlations.

Main Results:

  • CDK8/19 dependency was observed in most tumor types, excluding some central nervous system tumors.
  • High-frequency gene amplification of CDK8/19/CCNC was found in aggressive prostate cancers, GI tract, breast, bladder, and sarcoma.
  • CDK8 expression correlated with poorer survival in breast, prostate, cervical cancers, and esophageal adenocarcinoma, particularly in tumors with low mutation burden.

Conclusions:

  • Mediator kinases are crucial in cancers driven by transcriptional alterations rather than solely mutational changes.
  • These findings support further investigation of CDK8/19 inhibitors in a wider range of cancer types.