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Related Concept Videos

Polymers02:34

Polymers

40.5K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
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Polymers02:34

Polymers

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Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

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Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
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Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

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Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
3.8K
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

3.2K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
3.2K
Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight01:01

Polymers: Defining Molecular Weight

3.7K
Unlike small molecules with definite molecular weights, polymers are a mixture of individual polymer chains of varying lengths, each with a unique molecular weight.  So, the molecular weight of a polymer is expressed as an average value based on the average size of the polymer chains. The two most common forms of averages used for polymers are the number average molecular weight and weight average molecular weight.
The number average molecular weight (Mn) is the summation of the number...
3.7K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers
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Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers

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Thin Functional Polymer Films by Electropolymerization.

Alex Palma-Cando1,2, Ibeth Rendón-Enríquez3, Michael Tausch4

  • 1School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Universidad Yachay Tech, EC100115 Urcuqui, Ecuador. apalma@yachaytech.edu.ec.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Electrochemical polymerization generates thin films of intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) for electronics and sensors. This study explores both simple bifunctional monomers and complex multifunctional monomers, demonstrating their use in electrochromic devices and high-surface-area porous networks.

Keywords:
electrochromic deviceselectropolymerizationmicroporositynitrobenzene detectionpolymer networksthin films

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Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Intrinsically conducting polymers (ICPs) are crucial for organic electronics, actuators, electrochromic devices, and sensors.
  • Thin polymer films are often required for these applications, necessitating efficient film formation techniques.
  • Electrochemical polymerization offers a versatile method for generating and characterizing ICPs for research and education.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the utility of potentiodynamic and potentiostatic techniques for generating and characterizing thin ICP films.
  • To explore the electrochemical polymerization of both bifunctional and multifunctional monomers for diverse applications.
  • To provide an educational framework for understanding ICP electrochemistry through observable phenomena.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical generation and characterization of polyaniline (PANI) and polybithiophene (PBTh) from aniline and bithiophene monomers.
  • Fabrication and testing of simple electrochromic devices using PANI and PBTh at varying doping levels.
  • Synthesis and electropolymerization of novel carbazole-based multifunctional monomers (TPTCzSiOH, TPHxCzSiOH) to create cross-linked polymer networks.

Main Results:

  • Color changes in PANI and PBTh electrochromic devices correlated with doping levels and structural modifications observed via UV-VIS spectra.
  • Electropolymerization of multifunctional monomers yielded microporous polymer films with high specific surface areas (up to 930 m²g⁻¹), characterized by EQCM and nitrogen sorption.
  • Modified electrodes with PTPHxCzSiOH exhibited enhanced electrochemical sensing of nitrobenzene.

Conclusions:

  • Potentiodynamic and potentiostatic methods are effective for ICP thin film generation and characterization in both educational and advanced research settings.
  • Multifunctional monomers enable the creation of advanced porous polymer materials with potential in sensing and catalysis.
  • The study highlights the versatility of electrochemical polymerization for developing functional polymer materials.