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Children are at a high risk of hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy

Mechteld de Jong1, Hassan Nounou1, Virginia Rozalén García1

  • 1Centre for Endocrine Surgery, University College London Hospital and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Journal of Pediatric Surgery
|August 7, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Post-thyroidectomy hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism are common in children. Preserving parathyroid glands in situ during total thyroidectomy is crucial for preventing calcium-related complications and ensuring optimal patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Surgical Complications
  • Calcium Homeostasis

Background:

  • Disruption of calcium homeostasis is a frequent complication following adult total thyroidectomy.
  • Understanding these risks in pediatric populations is essential for surgical planning and patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and risk factors of hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism in children (≤18 years) after total thyroidectomy.
  • To identify factors influencing calcium-related morbidity in this pediatric cohort.

Main Methods:

  • A prognosis study analyzing data from 106 children who underwent total thyroidectomy.
  • Collection and analysis of patient, operative, and outcome data, including parathyroid gland management.

Main Results:

  • High incidence of hypocalcaemia (59.4%) within 24 hours and persistent hypoparathyroidism (21.7%) at 6 months post-surgery.
  • Lower rates of calcium-related morbidity were observed when at least four parathyroid glands were preserved in situ.

Conclusions:

  • Total thyroidectomy in children is associated with a considerable rate of postoperative hypocalcaemia and hypoparathyroidism.
  • Preservation of parathyroid glands in situ is a key factor in mitigating these complications and achieving favorable outcomes.
Abstract

Keywords:
HypocalcemiaHypoparathyroidismPediatric populationTotal thyroidectomy

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