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Targeting the apicoplast in malaria.

Marco Biddau1, Lilach Sheiner1

  • 1Wellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, U.K. mark.biddau@gmail.com lilach.sheiner@glasgow.ac.uk.

Biochemical Society Transactions
|August 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Malaria treatments are insufficient. Targeting the apicoplast, an essential parasite organelle absent in humans, offers a promising strategy for new antimalarial drugs, especially with recent findings showing rapid parasite killing.

Keywords:
Plasmodiumapicoplastdrugmalariaredoxtoxoplasma

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Drug Discovery
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Malaria remains a major global health threat with inadequate therapies.
  • The apicoplast, a unique organelle in Plasmodium parasites, is a potential drug target as it is absent in human hosts.
  • Previous apicoplast-targeting drugs showed slow parasite killing, hindering development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing drugs targeting apicoplast pathways.
  • To highlight recent advances in apicoplast biology and biogenesis.
  • To explore the potential of the apicoplast as a target for novel antimalarial drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of antimalarial drugs targeting the apicoplast.
  • Analysis of recent research on apicoplast functions and biogenesis.
  • Synthesis of findings to assess the therapeutic potential of apicoplast inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Identified known drugs that inhibit essential apicoplast pathways.
  • Discussed the historical challenge of 'delayed death' associated with apicoplast inhibitors.
  • Presented emerging evidence of apicoplast inhibitors causing rapid parasite killing.

Conclusions:

  • The apicoplast remains a viable and attractive target for antimalarial drug development.
  • Recent findings on rapid killing mechanisms may overcome previous limitations.
  • Further research into apicoplast biology can unveil new therapeutic strategies against malaria.