Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vertical Curve: Problem Solving01:23

Vertical Curve: Problem Solving

474
Vertical curves provide the transition between two roadway grades, ensuring safety, comfort, and functionality. Calculating elevations at specific stations along the curve involves several systematic steps based on the curve's geometry and provided design parameters.The vertical curve is defined by its length, grades, Point of Vertical Intersection (P.V.I.) location, and P.V.I. elevation. The stations of the Point of Vertical Curvature (P.V.C.), where the curve begins, and the Point of Vertical...
474
Introduction to Vertical Curves01:24

Introduction to Vertical Curves

565
Vertical curves are parabolic transitions that connect different grades on highways and railroads, ensuring a smooth alignment between back and forward tangents. The back tangent represents the initial grade, while the forward tangent defines the subsequent grade. These curves can be symmetrical, with equal tangent lengths, or nonsymmetrical, with varying lengths. The key points defining a vertical curve include the Point of Vertical Intersection (P.V.I.), where the tangents meet; the Point of...
565
Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview01:18

Aromatic Hydrocarbon Anions: Structural Overview

3.6K
Neutral hydrocarbons like cyclopentadiene with an odd number of carbon atoms and one intervening CH2 group in the ring are not aromatic. Cyclopentadiene with 4 π electrons does not satisfy the 4n + 2 π electron rule. Additionally, the intervening CH2 group is sp3 hybridized and lacks a vacant p orbital, thereby interrupting the overlap of p orbitals in a continuous manner and preventing the delocalization of π electrons throughout the ring.
Due to the absence of continuous...
3.6K
Elevation of Intermediate Points on Vertical Curves01:20

Elevation of Intermediate Points on Vertical Curves

277
Vertical curves are essential in roadway design because they provide smooth transitions between varying roadway grades. Designing vertical curves involves calculating intermediate elevations and identifying the curve's highest or lowest point, which is essential for optimal roadway performance.Intermediate elevations on a vertical curve are determined using the tangent offset method. This method considers the initial elevation at the start of the curve, the grades, and the curve's geometry. The...
277
Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve01:29

Sight Distance in a Vertical Curve

338
Sight distance on vertical curves is critical in roadway design. It ensures drivers can see far enough ahead to identify and respond to hazards effectively. This directly impacts safety, driver comfort, and the overall efficiency of the transportation network.Vertical curves are classified into crest and sag curves based on their geometry. For crest curves, sight distance is determined by the line of sight between a driver's eye and a small object on the road's surface. Design parameters for...
338
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.6K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pentasilacyclopentadienide: A Hückel aromatic species at the border of resonance and equilibrium.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same author

Ring Strain-Promoted Activation of Pyridines by a Saturated BSi<sub>2</sub> Cycle.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

Conjugated Inorganic-Organic Hybrid Polymers with p-Block Elements.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

Thienylene-Based Diradicaloids: Electrochromic Ring-Closing of Dithienylethene-Based Bis-Amidinium Cation.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Heterobimetallic unsaturated silicon clusters (siliconoids) with transition metal-expanded scaffolds.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2025
Same author

Near-Infinite-Chain Polymers with Ge=Ge Double Bonds.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition
09:45

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

Published on: July 26, 2016

12.8K

An anionic heterosiliconoid with two germanium vertices.

Lukas Klemmer1, Volker Huch, Anukul Jana

  • 1Krupp-Chair of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany. scheschkewitz@mx.uni-saarland.de.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)
|August 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The reduction of a digermatetrasilabenzene isomer cleaves an aryl group, forming an unsaturated anionic germanium-silicon cluster. This reveals insights into the rearrangement of silicon-germanium scaffolds under reductive conditions.

More Related Videos

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon
06:57

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon

Published on: July 17, 2020

2.6K
Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin
06:10

Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin

Published on: August 22, 2018

8.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition
09:45

Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

Published on: July 26, 2016

12.8K
Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon
06:57

Theoretical Calculation and Experimental Verification for Dislocation Reduction in Germanium Epitaxial Layers with Semicylindrical Voids on Silicon

Published on: July 17, 2020

2.6K
Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin
06:10

Detection of Viruses from Bioaerosols Using Anion Exchange Resin

Published on: August 22, 2018

8.6K

Area of Science:

  • Organometallic Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Hexatetrelbenzenes are compounds containing silicon and germanium.
  • Dismutational isomers of these compounds exhibit unique structural properties.
  • Understanding their reactivity under reductive conditions is crucial for novel cluster synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the two-electron reduction of a specific 1,4-digermatetrasilabenzene isomer.
  • To elucidate the mechanism of aryl group cleavage and cluster formation.
  • To gain insights into the rearrangement of the silicon-germanium scaffold.

Main Methods:

  • Two-electron reduction of the dismutational isomer.
  • Spectroscopic and analytical characterization of the resulting cluster.
  • Computational studies to understand the rearrangement pathways.

Main Results:

  • Cleavage of an aryl group in the ligato-position was observed.
  • Formation of an unsaturated anionic Ge2Si4 cluster (digermatetrasila-benzpolarenide) with charge localized on a germanium center.
  • Regioselective positioning of germanium centers in the nudo- and ligato-positions was confirmed.

Conclusions:

  • The reductive cleavage provides a synthetic route to novel anionic germanium-silicon clusters.
  • The study offers valuable insights into the reactivity and rearrangement of Si4E2 scaffolds.
  • This work contributes to the understanding of organometallic cluster chemistry and potential applications.