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The 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task: A Task of Attention and Impulse Control for Rodents
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Cingulo-opercular adaptive control for younger and older adults during a challenging gap detection task.

Kenneth I Vaden1, Mark A Eckert1, Judy R Dubno1

  • 1Hearing Research Program, Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.

Journal of Neuroscience Research
|August 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Adaptive control, measured by cingulo-opercular activity, benefits task performance across all ages. This brain function enhances attention and outcome monitoring, even in older adults, when task difficulty is managed.

Keywords:
adaptive controlagingattentionfMRIgap detection in noise

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • The cingulo-opercular network is crucial for adaptive control, optimizing attention and behavior.
  • Age-related declines in cognitive function may stem from reduced adaptive control, particularly in challenging tasks.
  • Previous research suggests diminished cingulo-opercular engagement in older adults during auditory tasks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in cingulo-opercular network activity during an auditory perceptual task.
  • To examine the relationship between cingulo-opercular activity and adaptive control across younger and older adults.
  • To determine if adaptive control mechanisms benefit performance across the lifespan under controlled task conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure brain activity.
  • 15 younger (mean age 24) and 15 older adults (mean age 68) performed a gap detection in noise task.
  • Task difficulty was calibrated to minimize age-related performance disparities.

Main Results:

  • Cingulo-opercular blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal increased significantly during task performance compared to rest.
  • Elevated pre-stimulus cingulo-opercular BOLD was associated with more accurate behavioral responses.
  • Adaptive control estimates correlated positively with gap sensitivity and negatively with response bias, independent of age.

Conclusions:

  • The cingulo-opercular network supports adaptive control and task optimization throughout adulthood.
  • Adaptive control mechanisms can benefit cognitive performance across the lifespan when task demands are appropriately calibrated.
  • Findings suggest that age-related differences in adaptive control may be task-dependent and manageable.