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Nucleic Acids02:43

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). DNA is the genetic material in all living organisms, ranging from single-celled bacteria to multicellular mammals. It is in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the organelles, chloroplasts, and mitochondria. In prokaryotes,...
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Nucleic acids02:43

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids01:28

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Nucleic acid biosynthesis is a fundamental biochemical process that produces the purine and pyrimidine nucleotides essential for DNA and RNA synthesis. This pathway maintains a balanced nucleotide pool, preventing imbalances that could jeopardize genetic integrity and cellular function. Given the crucial role of nucleotides, their synthesis is tightly regulated to ensure proper cellular homeostasis.Purine BiosynthesisThe biosynthesis of purine nucleotides begins with ribose-5-phosphate, a...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleic Acids and Nucleotides01:20

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and have instructions for its functioning. The two main types of nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA).
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Kinetic Screening of Nuclease Activity using Nucleic Acid Probes
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Nucleic acid methylation and orofacial morphogenesis.

Ratnam S Seelan1, Michele Pisano1, Robert M Greene1

  • 1Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Division of Craniofacial Development and Anomalies, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky.

Birth Defects Research
|August 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nucleic acid methylation is crucial for embryonic orofacial development. Aberrant methylation, influenced by environmental factors, may cause orofacial clefts, offering new research directions.

Keywords:
birth defectsepigeneticsneural crest cellsnucleic acid methylationorofacial clefts

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nucleic acid methylation plays diverse roles in embryonic development.
  • Aberrant methylation is implicated in orofacial clefts.
  • Neural crest cell function is regulated by methylation during orofacial development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of nucleic acid methylation in orofacial development.
  • To explore the link between aberrant methylation and orofacial clefts.
  • To discuss methylation's role in neural crest cell function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on nucleic acid methylation and orofacial clefts.
  • Analysis of environmental effects on DNA methylation patterns.
  • Discussion of syndromic and nonsyndromic orofacial clefting.

Main Results:

  • Environmental factors can alter DNA methylation in gene regulatory regions.
  • This suggests new candidate genes for orofacial clefting.
  • Aberrant methylation is a key factor in orofacial cleft development.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleic acid methylation is vital for proper orofacial embryonic development.
  • Environmental influences on methylation offer new research avenues for orofacial clefts.
  • Understanding methylation patterns is critical for preventing and treating orofacial clefts.