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Acute Exercise Effects Predict Training Change in Cognition and Connectivity.

Michelle W Voss1, Timothy B Weng1, Krithika Narayana-Kumanan2

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Acute aerobic exercise benefits for memory and brain connectivity are linked to training outcomes. Moderate-intensity exercise showed stronger acute effects, predicting greater long-term improvements in working memory and brain networks.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Previous research indicates acute aerobic exercise and training enhance memory and brain connectivity.
  • The relationship between acute and training effects of aerobic exercise on these outcomes is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if acute and training effects of aerobic exercise on working memory and brain network connectivity are related within the same individuals.
  • To test the proof-of-concept for acute exercise effects as biomarkers for training benefits.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized clinical trial involving 34 cognitively normal older adults.
  • Participants underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and completed a working memory task after light- and moderate-intensity exercise sessions and a 12-week aerobic training program.

Main Results:

  • Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise acutely improved working memory and altered default network connectivity, predicting training gains.
  • Acute improvements in working memory and connectivity after moderate exercise correlated with greater improvements after 12-week training.
  • Exercise-induced changes in frontoparietal network connectivity related to both acute and training-related working memory enhancements.

Conclusions:

  • Acute effects of aerobic exercise on brain function and performance can serve as biomarkers for subsequent training benefits.
  • These findings suggest a potential pathway for developing targeted aerobic exercise interventions to enhance memory in older adults.