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Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

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Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.
Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!
Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are unequally shared....
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Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

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A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
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Functional Groups02:45

Functional Groups

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Functional groups are a group of atoms with characteristic properties, which when linked to the carbon skeleton of a molecule, alter the properties of that molecule. For example, the presence of certain functional groups on a molecule will make them hydrophilic, whereas others will make them hydrophobic. These functional groups are an indispensable part of organic chemistry and important components of biological molecules, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Each...
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Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines01:19

Amines to Amides: Acylation of Amines

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Various carboxylic acid derivatives (such as acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides) can be used for the acylation of amines to yield amides. The reaction requires two equivalents of amines. The first amine molecule functions as a nucleophile and attacks the carbonyl carbon to produce a tetrahedral intermediate. This is followed by the loss of the leaving group and restoration of the C=O bond.
Next, the second equivalent of amine serves as a Brønsted base and deprotonates the quaternary...
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Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

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Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
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Energy-releasing Steps of Glycolysis01:28

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Glycolysis is divided into two phases based on whether energy is utilized or released. While the first phase consumes ATP, the second phase produces energy in the form of ATP and NADH. The energy is released over a sequence of reactions that turns G3P into pyruvate. The energy-releasing phase—steps 6-10 of glycolysis—occurs twice, once for each of the two 3-carbon sugars produced during steps 1-5 of the first phase.
The first energy-releasing step—the 6th step of glycolysis...
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Tunable Hydrogen Release from Amine-Boranes via their Insertion into Functional Polystyrenes.

Audrey Ledoux1, Juliette Brunet1, Jean Raynaud1

  • 1Univ Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, C2P2, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, 69616, Villeurbanne, France.

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Polystyrene-g-boramine copolymers serve as tunable dihydrogen reservoirs. Mixing them with borazane creates hybrid reservoirs with lower dehydrogenation temperatures and high hydrogen capacity.

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Hydrogen Storage

Background:

  • Developing efficient and tunable hydrogen storage materials is crucial for clean energy applications.
  • Amine-boranes are promising hydrogen storage compounds but often require high temperatures for dehydrogenation.
  • Incorporating functional groups into polymer scaffolds can modify material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize polystyrene-g-boramine random copolymers as dihydrogen reservoirs.
  • To investigate the effect of boramine content on dehydrogenation temperatures and hydrogen release profiles.
  • To explore the potential of hybrid organic/inorganic reservoirs formed by mixing copolymers with borazane.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of polystyrene-g-boramine random copolymers.
  • Thermogravimetric analysis to study dehydrogenation profiles and temperatures.
  • Characterization of hydrogen storage capacity and release kinetics.

Main Results:

  • Polystyrene-g-boramine copolymers exhibit tunable dehydrogenation temperatures controlled by boramine content.
  • The polymeric scaffold influences the dihydrogen thermal release profile, not electronic or steric modifications of the amine-borane.
  • Hybrid reservoirs formed by mixing copolymers with ammonia-borane (borazane) achieved up to 8 wt% H2 loading.
  • These hybrid systems demonstrated lower dehydrogenation temperatures compared to individual components.

Conclusions:

  • Polystyrene-g-boramine copolymers represent a novel class of tunable dihydrogen reservoirs.
  • Polymer scaffolding offers a strategy to control hydrogen release characteristics.
  • Hybrid organic/inorganic systems combining these copolymers with borazane show enhanced hydrogen storage performance.