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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
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Chirality02:25

Chirality

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Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...
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Step-Edge-Induced Anisotropic Chiral Spin Coupling in Ultrathin Magnetic Films.

A Schlenhoff1, S Krause1, R Wiesendanger1

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 11A, 20355 Hamburg, Germany.

Physical Review Letters
|August 7, 2019
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Atomic step edges on ultrathin magnetic films break symmetry, influencing spin coupling. Researchers observed chiral spin coupling at Fe/W(110) step edges, explained by anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Surface science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Step edges in ultrathin magnetic films locally break lateral symmetry.
  • Understanding spin interactions at these edges is crucial for spintronic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate spin coupling across atomic step edges on Fe/W(110).
  • To elucidate the role of broken symmetry in spin texture modifications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy.
  • Analyzing spin texture modifications and selection rules at step edges.

Main Results:

  • Observed local modifications of spin texture near step edges.
  • Identified chiral spin coupling with direction-dependent behavior.
  • Demonstrated significant changes in spin coupling along different crystallographic directions.

Conclusions:

  • Atomic step edges induce anisotropic Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions.
  • Broken lateral symmetry at step edges dictates chiral spin coupling.
  • Findings provide insights into controlling spin textures in magnetic nanostructures.