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Exploring the Structure of the Bound Proton with Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering.

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This study measured beam spin asymmetry in deeply virtual Compton scattering off protons bound in helium-4. Results show a reduced asymmetry compared to free protons, suggesting modifications to the bound proton's structure.

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Particle Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics

Background:

  • Deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) probes the proton's internal structure.
  • The EMC effect reveals modifications to bound nucleon structure in nuclei.
  • Understanding bound nucleon structure is crucial for nuclear physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure beam spin asymmetry (BSA) in exclusive DVCS off a proton bound in Helium-4.
  • To investigate medium modifications of the bound proton's partonic structure.
  • To compare BSA for bound and free protons across various kinematics.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 6 GeV longitudinally polarized electron beam.
  • Scattered electrons off a pressurized Helium-4 gas target.
  • Measured the azimuthal angle dependence of BSA using the CLAS spectrometer.

Main Results:

  • Reported the first BSA measurement for exclusive DVCS on a bound proton.
  • Observed a 20% to 40% smaller BSA for bound protons compared to free protons.
  • Studied BSA dependencies on Q², xB, and t in a wide kinematic range.

Conclusions:

  • The reduced BSA suggests possible medium modifications of the bound proton's partonic structure.
  • This finding provides new insights into the EMC effect and nucleon structure in nuclei.
  • Further studies are needed to fully understand these modifications.