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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Particles in a solid are tightly packed together (fixed shape) and often arranged in a regular pattern; in a liquid, they are close together with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape); in a gas, they are far apart with no regular arrangement (no fixed shape). Particles in a solid vibrate about fixed positions (cannot flow) and do not generally move in relation to one another; in a liquid, they move past each other (can flow) but remain in essentially constant contact; in a gas, they move...
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Generating Maximal Entanglement between Spectrally Distinct Solid-State Emitters.

David L Hurst1, Kristoffer B Joanesarson1,2, Jake Iles-Smith1

  • 1Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|August 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We demonstrate deterministic maximal entanglement between solid-state emitters with different spectral properties using multiphoton interference. This approach optimizes optical states, relaxing the need for perfectly matched emitters in quantum entanglement generation.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum optics
  • Solid-state physics
  • Quantum information science

Background:

  • Entanglement is crucial for quantum technologies.
  • Generating entanglement between spectrally distinct solid-state emitters is challenging.
  • Existing methods often require precisely matched emitter properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a method for creating maximal entanglement between spectrally distinct solid-state emitters.
  • To investigate the role of multiphoton scattering in entanglement generation.
  • To relax the stringent requirement of perfectly matched emitters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a waveguide interferometer setup.
  • Analyzing multiphoton scattering in solid-state emitters.
  • Optimizing the frequency and photon number of the input state.

Main Results:

  • Deterministic maximal entanglement achieved between emitters with significant spectral differences.
  • Identified optimal input frequency based on which-path erasure and interaction strength.
  • Demonstrated that higher photon numbers overcome smaller spectral overlap.
  • Quasimonochromatic photons found to be optimal for entanglement generation.

Conclusions:

  • A novel methodology for solid-state entanglement generation is presented.
  • The requirement for perfectly matched emitters can be relaxed.
  • Optical state optimization offers a viable alternative for robust entanglement creation.