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Conjugated Proteins02:50

Conjugated Proteins

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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
Nucleoproteins are protein complexes that contain nucleic acids, categorized as deoxyribonucleoproteins (DNPs) or ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) respectively. The nucleosome is a typical example of a DNP where nuclear DNA is associated with histone proteins. The major antigen for the Covid-19 virus SARS-CoV is an RNP that is critical...
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Conjugation01:19

Conjugation

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Conjugation is a form of horizontal gene transfer that primarily occurs in bacteria and some archaea, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation. Bacteria can acquire resistance genes through conjugative plasmids, allowing them to survive antibiotic treatments that would otherwise be lethal. This process involves direct contact between cells through specialized structures such as the sex pilus and is mediated by conjugative plasmids, including the F (fertility) factor.Conjugation requires...
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Mechanism of Conjugation01:19

Mechanism of Conjugation

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Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...
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Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

Structure of Conjugated Dienes

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Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
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Stability of Conjugated Dienes01:28

Stability of Conjugated Dienes

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A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.
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Conjugative Mating Assays for Sequence-specific Analysis of Transfer Proteins Involved in Bacterial Conjugation
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Norbornadiene-dihydroazulene conjugates.

Martin Drøhse Kilde1, Mads Mansø2, Nicolai Ree1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark. kmi@chem.ku.dk mbn@chem.ku.dk.

Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry
|August 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed new molecular solar thermal (MOST) energy storage systems by linking norbornadiene/dihydroazulene (NBD/DHA) units. The connection method and substituents controlled energy storage and heat release, with potential for high capacity.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Molecular solar thermal (MOST) systems offer promising energy storage solutions.
  • Integrating multiple photochromic units into single molecules enhances MOST system performance.
  • Norbornadiene/dihydroazulene (NBD/DHA) conjugates are key components in developing advanced MOST systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel NBD/DHA conjugates for MOST applications.
  • To investigate the influence of molecular architecture on photoisomerization and energy storage.
  • To explore methods for controlling heat release kinetics in NBD/DHA systems.

Main Methods:

  • Sonogashira coupling for synthesizing NBD/DHA conjugates.
  • Spectroscopic and computational analyses to characterize photoisomerization and energy storage.
  • Investigation of copper(I) ion catalysis for controlled heat release.

Main Results:

  • Photoisomerization to quadricyclane/vinylheptafulvene (QC/VHF) isomers is highly dependent on the linkage strategy and substituents.
  • The QC-to-NBD back-reaction is faster than the VHF-to-DHA back-reaction.
  • Copper(I) ions can selectively catalyze the VHF-to-DHA back-reaction, controlling heat release timing.
  • Calculated energy storage capacity of QC-VHF isomers ranges from 106-110 kJ mol-1, exceeding individual unit capacities.
  • Absorption onsets at 450 nm were observed for some NBD-DHA conjugates, indicating visible light absorption.

Conclusions:

  • Molecular design of NBD/DHA conjugates significantly impacts MOST system performance.
  • Tunable heat release profiles can be achieved by controlling the back-reaction pathways.
  • These NBD/DHA systems demonstrate high energy storage potential and visible light absorption capabilities for solar thermal energy applications.