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Related Concept Videos

Lysosomes01:31

Lysosomes

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Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed spherical sacs derived from the Golgi apparatus. The most important function of the lysosome is degrading macromolecules and biological polymers that are released during membrane trafficking events such as the secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The degradation is carried out by several hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment of the lysosomal lumen. These acid hydrolases are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling,...
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Lysosomal Hydrolases01:22

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Lysosomes are the site for the degradation of macromolecules and biological polymers released during membrane trafficking events such as secretory, endocytic, autophagic, and phagocytic pathways. The membrane-enclosed area of the lysosome, called the lumen, contains hydrolytic enzymes active in an acidic environment. These acid hydrolases are functional at a pH between 4.5 and 5 and are involved in cellular processes such as cell signaling, energy metabolism, restoration of the plasma membrane,...
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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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Delivery Pathways to the Lysosome01:36

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Eukaryotic cells use different mechanisms to eliminate toxic waste obsolete and worn-out substances. Lysosomes play a pivotal role in this, and hence, these substances are carried to the lysosome from other parts of the cell and extracellular space through different pathways. The most elaborately studied pathways to the lysosome are the endocytic pathways.
Endocytosis
In endocytosis, the cell membrane takes up macromolecules and particles from the surrounding medium. Clathrin-mediated...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

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A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
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Visualizing Mitophagy with Fluorescent Dyes for Mitochondria and Lysosome
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Knowing When to Let Go: Lysosomes Regulate Inter-Mitochondrial Tethering.

Alyssa M English1, Adam L Hughes1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.

Developmental Cell
|August 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The lysosomal GTPase Rab7 controls how mitochondria connect and move. Dysfunctional mitochondrial connections are a key feature of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Mitochondrial Dynamics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Mitochondria are essential for cellular energy and function.
  • Mitochondrial motility and contact sites are critical for cellular health.
  • Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a group of inherited neurological disorders affecting peripheral nerves.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the lysosomal GTPase Rab7 in regulating mitochondrial dynamics.
  • To identify molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 disease.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cell-based assays to examine the function of Rab7.
  • Investigated inter-mitochondrial contacts and motility.
  • Analyzed patient-derived cells or models of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 disease.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that Rab7 regulates the formation and maintenance of inter-mitochondrial contacts.
  • Showed that Rab7 controls mitochondrial movement within the cell.
  • Identified aberrant inter-mitochondrial tethering as a conserved feature in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 disease models.

Conclusions:

  • Rab7 is a key regulator of mitochondrial organization and motility.
  • Disrupted mitochondrial tethering contributes to the pathogenesis of Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 disease.
  • Targeting Rab7 or mitochondrial tethering mechanisms may offer therapeutic strategies for CMT type 2.