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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Rapid Isolation of Human Breast Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

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Published on: November 14, 2025

Natural melanoma-derived extracellular vesicles.

Joshua L Hood¹

¹University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States; University of Louisville, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, Louisville, KY, 40202, United States.

Seminars in Cancer Biology

|August 7, 2019

Summary

Melanoma cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes (EXOs), that promote tumor growth by influencing angiogenesis and immune responses. These melanoma EVs show potential as biomarkers and therapeutic cancer vaccines.

Keywords:

Ectosomes Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Melanoma Microvesicles Shedding vesicles

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A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model

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Published on: May 20, 2019

Area of Science:

Oncology
Cell Biology
Immunology

Background:

Melanoma cells generate diverse extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes (EXOs) and shedding vesicles.
Current research predominantly focuses on melanoma EXOs or small EVs (sEVs).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the pro-tumorigenic functions of natural melanoma sEVs.
To understand the interdependence of processes mediated by melanoma EVs.
To explore the potential of melanoma EVs as biomarkers and therapeutic agents.

Main Methods:

Analysis of extracellular vesicle production mechanisms in melanoma cells.
Examination of the roles of melanoma sEVs in angiogenesis, immune regulation, and microenvironment modification.
Assessment of melanoma EV composition and immune engagement.

Main Results:

Melanoma sEVs replicate pro-tumor functions of melanoma cells, including angiogenesis and immune modulation.
These functions are interdependent, supporting melanoma growth, survival, and adaptation.
Melanoma EVs exhibit biomarker potential and suitability for therapeutic cancer vaccines.

Conclusions:

Melanoma EVs play a crucial role in tumor progression and adaptation.
The multifaceted functions of melanoma EVs highlight their significance in the tumor microenvironment.
Melanoma EVs offer promising avenues for cancer diagnostics and immunotherapy.