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Related Experiment Video

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Studying the Effects of Matrix Stiffness on Cellular Function using Acrylamide-based Hydrogels
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Soft-sheath, stiff-core microfiber hydrogel for coating vascular implants.

P Boodagh1, R Johnson2, C Maly2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, CO, USA; Section of Cardiovascular Medicine and Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|August 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A new hybrid microfiber coating for vascular implants mimics native artery mechanics, significantly reducing cell overgrowth and platelet activation. This advanced coating improves in vivo performance, offering a promising solution for vascular implant complications.

Keywords:
4(th) generation of stentsCoaxial electrospiningCoaxial nanofiberPEGPLLAPlatelet attachmentStent coatingSurface properties in biological interactionThrombosisVascular graft

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Mechanobiology

Background:

  • Vascular implants face challenges like thrombosis and stenosis due to cellular responses.
  • Material elasticity is crucial for cell and tissue interactions with implants.
  • Current implant surfaces often fail to adequately inhibit detrimental cellular activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel implant coating with hybrid, viscoelastic microfibers.
  • To evaluate the coating's ability to mimic arterial mechanics and improve biocompatibility.
  • To assess the in vivo performance of the coated vascular implants.

Main Methods:

  • Coaxial electrospinning of poly(L-lactic acid) core and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate sheath fibers.
  • Photopolymerization of fibers to create a tunable, elastic coating on metallic stent material.
  • Material characterization including mechanical properties, structure, and biocompatibility testing.
  • In vivo subcutaneous implantation studies to compare coated vs. bare metal implants.

Main Results:

  • Coaxial microfibers demonstrated arterial-like mechanics with tunable elasticity (172-729 kPa).
  • The coating exhibited hydrogel-like properties (high water content, swelling) while maintaining mechanical strength.
  • Coated implants significantly reduced smooth muscle cell (SMC) overgrowth and platelet adhesion/activation compared to bare metal.
  • In vivo tests showed reduced tissue encapsulation for coated implants after 7 days.

Conclusions:

  • The hybrid microfiber coating provides a hydrated, soft, and nonfouling surface.
  • This coating effectively inhibits key cellular responses contributing to implant failure.
  • The developed system offers a pathway for creating vascular implants with native artery-like physico-mechanical properties.