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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Synthesis of Plant Phenol-derived Polymeric Dyes for Direct or Mordant-based Hair Dyeing
Published on: December 1, 2016
Grafting phenolics onto milk protein via conjugated polymerization for delivery of multiple functionalities:
Ahmed A Abd El-Maksoud1, Sampson Anankanbil2, Ye Zhou2
1Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds vej 10, Aarhus 8000, Denmark.
Abstract:
A synthetic scenario for functionalization of β-lactoglobulin (βLg) with polymeric units containing caffeic acid (βLg-polyCA) was developed; and all intermediates and final products were structurally confirmed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and physico-chemically characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and circular dichroism. The antioxidant properties and emulsion stability of βLg, βLg-CA conjugate and βLg-polyCA based systems containing high percentage of fish oil (50%) were evaluated; and βLg-polyCA presented the highest antioxidant and free radical-scavenging activity based on DPPH, ABTS and HS scavenging assays (92.4, 87.92 and 67.35% respectively). Thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) test demonstrated that compared to native βLg, βLg-polyCA afford up 4-5 fold of inhibition of oxidative rancidity and displayed drastic secondary structure changes. Compared to native βLg based emulsions, βLg-polyCA had larger oil droplet sizes, stronger negative zeta potentials (-69.9 mv), narrower size distributions (PDI: 0.22) and less creaming index.
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