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Related Concept Videos

Modified Boxplots00:57

Modified Boxplots

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A standard box and whisker plot informs us about the spread of the data in a given sample. One can identify the minimum value, maximum value, first quartile value, second quartile or median value, and third quartile.
However, the box plot does not tell the reader about outliers - values that lie far from the center of the data. We can modify the standard box and whisker plot to identify the outliers and visualize the actual spread of the data in a sample.
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Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Related Experiment Video

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Analysis of Targeted Viral Protein Nanoparticles Delivered to HER2+ Tumors
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Hyaluronan-modified nanoparticles for tumor-targeting.

Yu Sakurai1, Hideyoshi Harashima2

  • 1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University , Chiba , Japan.

Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery
|August 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Hyaluronan (HA)-modified nanoparticles show promise for active cancer cell targeting. Further research and standardized evaluation methods are needed for clinical translation of these targeted cancer therapies.

Keywords:
CD44Nanoparticleshyaluronaninorganiclipid nanoparticlespolymer

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hyaluronan (HA) is a natural polysaccharide highly expressed in the human body.
  • Its receptor, CD44, is overexpressed on many cancer cells, making HA a potential cancer-targeting ligand.
  • Traditional enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect strategies for nanoparticle delivery face clinical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in Hyaluronan (HA)-modified nanoparticles for cancer therapy.
  • To highlight the properties of HA as a CD44 ligand for active cancer cell targeting.
  • To discuss the potential and challenges of HA-based nanoparticles in clinical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diverse HA-modified nanoparticles, including lipid, polymer, iron, and gold-based systems.
  • Analysis of various nanoparticle cargos such as small molecule drugs, imaging agents, proteins, and nucleic acids.
  • Examination of HA's role as a ligand for CD44 receptor-mediated targeting.

Main Results:

  • HA-modified nanoparticles utilize various materials and can carry diverse therapeutic and diagnostic payloads.
  • These nanoparticles offer a strategy for active cancer cell targeting, potentially overcoming limitations of passive targeting methods.
  • Despite extensive research, few HA-based nanoparticles have reached clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • HA-modified nanoparticles represent a promising approach for targeted cancer treatment.
  • Standardization and normalization of evaluation methodologies are crucial for advancing HA-based nanoparticles into clinical practice.
  • Further development is needed to bridge the gap between preclinical research and clinical application of HA-NPs.