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Establishing Blood Group Genotyping to Resolve ABO Discrepancies in Iran.
M Khorshidfar1, A Chegini1, A A Pourfathollah1
1Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Hemmat Exp. Way, Next to the Milad Tower, 14665-1157, Tehran, Iran.
Summary
Molecular analysis using ABO genotyping accurately identifies blood group discrepancies in donors and patients. This method resolves issues encountered in standard serological testing, ensuring correct blood typing.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Immunology
- Transfusion Medicine
Background:
- ABO discrepancies arise when forward and reverse blood typing reactions do not align.
- Variant ABO genes are a common cause of these discrepant results.
- Accurate blood group determination is critical for safe transfusion practices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine definitive blood groups in donors and patients with ABO discrepancies using molecular analysis.
- To evaluate the efficacy of ABO genotyping in resolving serological ambiguities.
- To identify specific ABO subgroups and variant alleles causing discrepancies.
Main Methods:
- Examined 100 blood samples with ABO discrepancies from donors and patients.
- Performed ABO genotyping using allele-specific PCR to differentiate A, B, and O alleles.
- Sequenced exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene for confirmation.
Main Results:
- Identified 61 cases of A2 and A2B, 3 cases of B302, and 4 cases of Aw06 among discrepant samples.
- Confirmed cell type reactions in 6 samples with extra antibodies (AB blood group).
- Genotyped 6 samples with weak anti-AB reactions as O1O2.
Conclusions:
- ABO genotyping is an effective method for resolving ABO discrepancies.
- Molecular analysis provides accurate blood group determination, overcoming limitations of serology.
- The blood group genotyping laboratory offers a valuable service for transfusion medicine.
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