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Related Concept Videos

Base Excision Repair01:54

Base Excision Repair

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One of the common DNA damages is the chemical alteration of single bases by alkylation, oxidation, or deamination. The altered bases cause mispairing and strand breakage during replication. This type of damage causes minimal change to the DNA double helix structure and can be repaired by the base excision repair (BER) pathways. BER corrects damaged DNA sequences by removing the damaged base and restoring the original base sequence using the complementary strand as a template.
The first step of...
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Long-patch Base Excision Repair01:02

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Since the discovery of the two BER pathways, there has been a debate about how a cell chooses one pathway over the other and the factors determining this selection. Numerous in vitro experiments have pointed out multiple determinants for the sub-pathway selection. These are:
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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:08

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Nucleotide Excision Repair01:38

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DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Generation of Native Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Libraries for Nucleosome Density Analysis
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Generation of Native Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing Libraries for Nucleosome Density Analysis

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Nucleosomes Regulate Base Excision Repair in Chromatin.

Rithy Meas1, John J Wyrick1, Michael J Smerdon1

  • 1School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-7520.

Mutation Research. Reviews in Mutation Research
|August 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chromatin structure, particularly nucleosomes, impacts DNA repair pathways. Histone tails in yeast coordinate DNA damage response signaling for efficient repair of alkylation damage.

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Assembly of Nucleosomal Arrays from Recombinant Core Histones and Nucleosome Positioning DNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Chromatin acts as a barrier to DNA damage response (DDR) factors but also plays a regulatory role in DDR signaling pathways.
  • Nucleosome core particles (NCPs), composed of DNA and histone octamers, represent the fundamental unit of DNA packaging.
  • Understanding how chromatin influences DNA repair is crucial for comprehending genome stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent studies on how DNA packaging into nucleosomes affects the base excision repair (BER) pathway.
  • To examine how nucleosomes influence the choice between different BER subpathways.
  • To discuss new evidence on the role of histone amino-terminal tails in regulating DDR pathways during alkylation damage repair in yeast.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on chromatin, DNA repair, and DDR.
  • Analysis of research characterizing nucleosome modulation of BER pathway activity.
  • Examination of studies investigating histone tail regulation of DDR pathways in *Saccharomyces cerevisiae*.

Main Results:

  • DNA packaging into nucleosomes significantly modulates the activity and subpathway choice of the base excision repair (BER) pathway.
  • Histone amino-terminal tails play a coordinated regulatory role in multiple DDR pathways.
  • These regulatory roles are evident during the repair of alkylation DNA damage in yeast.

Conclusions:

  • Chromatin structure, specifically nucleosomes, is a critical determinant of DNA repair pathway choice and efficiency.
  • Histone modifications and interactions are key regulators of the DNA damage response.
  • Further research into chromatin dynamics in DDR can reveal new therapeutic targets for genome instability diseases.