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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Simulation of Early Earth Hydrothermal Chimneys in a Thermal Gradient Environment

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Published on: February 27, 2021

Oceanic Microplankton Do Not Adhere to the Latitudinal Diversity Gradient.

Joseph A Moss¹, Nine L Henriksson¹, J Dean Pakulski¹

¹Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of West Florida, 11000 University Parkway, Bldg 58. Rm70, Pensacola, FL, 32514, USA.

Microbial Ecology

|August 8, 2019

Summary

Microbial plankton diversity in the Pacific Ocean does not follow typical latitudinal patterns. Bacteria richness increased from Arctic to Antarctic waters, but Archaea and Eukarya showed no clear trends.

Keywords:

Archaea Bacteria Diversity Microbes Pacific

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Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

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Area of Science:

Marine microbiology
Biogeography
Oceanography

Background:

A well-established latitudinal biodiversity gradient shows increasing species richness from poles to tropics.
The applicability of this pattern to marine microbial communities is debated due to sampling limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate latitudinal diversity patterns of microbial planktonic communities in the Pacific Ocean.
To determine if Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya exhibit latitudinal biodiversity gradients.

Main Methods:

A 15,400-km Pacific Ocean transect was sampled every 2 degrees of latitude.
Next-generation sequencing targeted Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya, yielding over 10.8 million sequences.
Beta-diversity analysis was used to identify geographic patterns.

Main Results:

Geographic patterns were observed in Bacteria and Archaea communities.
Bacteria richness increased from Arctic to Antarctic waters.
Archaea and Eukarya communities did not show significant latitudinal or polar trends in richness.

Conclusions:

Latitudinal biodiversity gradients observed in macrofauna may not apply to marine microplankton diversity.
Environmental factors influencing macrofauna may not drive microplankton richness patterns in the global ocean.