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Stable graphene-based pH-responsive membranes (GPMs) were developed. These membranes dynamically adjust pore size with pH, enabling precise molecular separation and recovery for environmental applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Conventional pH-responsive membranes often rely on pore blocking mechanisms.
  • Developing stable membranes with tunable separation properties remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer graphene-based stable pH-responsive membranes (GPMs) with dynamically adjustable pore sizes.
  • To investigate the pH-dependent structural alterations and filtration performance of GPMs.
  • To demonstrate the capability of GPMs for selective molecular separation.

Main Methods:

  • Layer-by-layer assembly of graphene oxide (GO) and polyethylenimine (PEI) to form GPMs.
  • Atomic force microscopy (AFM) to dynamically probe internal structure changes with pH.
  • Filtration experiments using model polymers (PVP and PEO) at varying pH.

Main Results:

  • GPMs exhibited stable structures cross-linked by PEI via amide bonds.
  • PEI enabled reversible alteration of gap sizes between GO sheets in response to pH.
  • Permeate flux increased with decreasing pH, widening the membrane gates.
  • Molecular weight cutoff was continuously tunable, allowing selective separation of PVP (58 kDa) and PEO (600 kDa) at different pH values.

Conclusions:

  • The developed GPMs offer a novel approach to pH-responsive molecular separation.
  • The tunable pore size and stability make GPMs suitable for advanced separation processes.
  • These membranes show significant potential for environmental applications requiring precise molecular recovery.