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Sickle cell disease nephropathy: an update on risk factors and potential biomarkers in pediatric patients

André R Belisário1,2, Ariadna As da Silva2, Cristiane Vm Silva2

  • 1Centro de Tecidos Biológicos de Minas Gerais, Fundação Hemominas, Rua das Goiabeiras, 779, Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais 33400-000, Brazil.

Biomarkers in Medicine
|August 9, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Sickle cell nephropathy is a major complication of sickle cell disease (SCD). Early detection and treatment, particularly in children, are crucial for managing kidney complications in SCD patients.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Hematology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Sickle cell disease (SCD) frequently leads to chronic kidney complications, known as sickle cell nephropathy.
  • Understanding the early signs and progression of this complication is vital for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, natural history, clinical signs, risk factors, biomarkers, and treatments for sickle cell nephropathy.
  • To focus on studies involving pediatric patients with SCD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on pediatric sickle cell nephropathy.
  • Analysis of studies on early renal function changes and potential biomarkers.
  • Evaluation of current and emerging therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Early signs of renal disease in SCD include increased glomerular filtration rate and microalbuminuria, observable even in childhood.
  • Potential early biomarkers for renal dysfunction in SCD include Nephrin, KIM-1, VGFs, chemokines, and renin-angiotensin system molecules.
  • Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers show promise for albuminuria control in adults, but pediatric data is limited.

Conclusions:

  • Early detection of renal dysfunction in pediatric SCD patients is critical.
  • Further research is needed to establish optimal renoprotective strategies and treatment timing in children with SCD.

Keywords:
biomarkerschronic kidney diseasehyperfiltrationmicroalbuminuriaproteinuriarisk factorsickle cell anemiasickle cell diseasesickle cell nephropathy

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