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Attitude is our evaluation of a person, an idea, or an object. We have attitudes for many things ranging from products that we might pick up in the supermarket to people around the world to political policies. Typically, attitudes are favorable or unfavorable: positive or negative (Eagly & Chaiken, 1993). And, they have three components: an affective component (feelings), a behavioral component (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and a cognitive component (belief and knowledge;...
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Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
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Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
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Implicit memories, also known as non-declarative memories, are long-term memories that function outside of conscious awareness. These memories influence behavior and skills without explicit knowledge. This type of memory is evident in tasks like playing tennis, snowboarding, and texting. Implicit memory has three subsystems: procedural memory, conditioning, and priming. This type of memory is essential in various activities, from everyday tasks to specialized skills.
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The "Motor" in Implicit Motor Sequence Learning: A Foot-stepping Serial Reaction Time Task
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Does the discrepancy between implicit and explicit attitudes moderate the relationships between explicit attitude and

Carolin Muschalik1, Iman Elfeddali2,3, Math J J M Candel4

  • 1Department of Health Promotion, Care and Public Health Research Institute (Caphri), Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands. carolin.muschalik@maastrichtuniversity.nl.

BMC Psychology
|August 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Discrepancies between explicit and implicit attitudes toward physical activity (PA) were found to be detrimental to behavior. Interventions should align both explicit and implicit attitudes to promote PA.

Keywords:
Explicit attitudeImplicit attitudeImplicit-explicit discrepancyIntentionPhysical activity

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Science
  • Psychology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Both explicit and implicit attitudes influence physical activity (PA).
  • Attitudes can be discrepant, creating an implicit-explicit discrepancy (IED).
  • IED's role in moderating the attitude-behavior relationship for PA requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the presence and impact of implicit-explicit discrepancy (IED) in physical activity (PA) attitudes.
  • To determine if IED moderates the link between explicit attitudes and PA or intention.
  • To assess the association between IED and actual PA levels.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed PA levels, intention, explicit attitudes, and self-efficacy in 340 students over three months.
  • Measured implicit attitudes toward PA using a Single-Category Implicit Association Task.
  • Employed multiple hierarchical regressions to analyze the data.

Main Results:

  • A weak implicit-explicit discrepancy (IED) was observed.
  • IED did not moderate the relationship between explicit attitudes and PA or intention.
  • IED was negatively associated with PA at baseline and three months.

Conclusions:

  • Implicit-explicit discrepancy (IED) negatively impacts physical activity (PA).
  • Aligning implicit and explicit attitudes is crucial for PA interventions.
  • Future interventions should focus on attitude concordance to enhance PA behavior.