Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dynamic Equilibrium02:20

Dynamic Equilibrium

61.9K
A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
61.9K
Equation of Rotational Dynamics01:08

Equation of Rotational Dynamics

14.7K
Angular variables are introduced in rotational dynamics. Comparing the definitions of angular variables with the definitions of linear kinematic variables, it is seen that there is a mapping of the linear variables to the rotational ones. Linear displacement, velocity, and acceleration have their equivalents in rotational motion, which are angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular acceleration. Similar to the rotational variables, a mapping exists from Newton's second law of motion...
14.7K
Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

665
The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
Electron affinity in semiconductors refers to the energy gap between the minimum of its conduction band and the vacuum level and it is a critical parameter in determining how easily a semiconductor can accept additional electrons.
The work...
665
Dynamics of Circular Motion01:30

Dynamics of Circular Motion

23.3K
An object undergoing circular motion, like a race car, is accelerating because it is changing the direction of its velocity. This centrally directed acceleration is called centripetal acceleration. This acceleration acts along the radius of the curved path (thus is also referred to as radial acceleration).
Any acceleration must be produced by some force. Therefore, any force or combination of forces can cause centripetal acceleration. A few examples include the tension in the rope on a...
23.3K
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete01:16

Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

959
The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
The sonic test is a common method to determine the dynamic modulus. In this test, a concrete beam, sized either 6 x 6 x 30 inches or 4 x 4 x 20 inches, is clamped at its center. Vibrations are initiated at one end of the beam by an electromagnetic exciter unit powered by a...
959
Protein Dynamics in Living Cells01:19

Protein Dynamics in Living Cells

2.6K
Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
Fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a fluorescent-protein-based detection technique used to quantify protein movement rates within the cell. This method exposes a small portion of the cell to an intense laser beam. The laser beam causes permanent photobleaching of the fluorophore-tagged proteins in the exposed region. As the bleached...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Erratum: The crystal structure of dypingite: understanding the long-range disorder. Corrigendum.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026
Same author

The crystal structure of dypingite: understanding the long-range disorder.

Journal of applied crystallography·2026
Same author

Progressive eastward rupture of the Main Marmara fault toward Istanbul.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

Exploiting Friedel pairs to interpret scanning 3DXRD data from complex geological materials.

Journal of applied crystallography·2024
Same author

Formation of Natural Magnesium Silica Hydrate (M-S-H) and Magnesium Alumina Silica Hydrate (M-A-S-H) Cement.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Fault roughness controls injection-induced seismicity.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Predicting Catalyst Extrudate Breakage Based on the Modulus of Rupture
09:53

Predicting Catalyst Extrudate Breakage Based on the Modulus of Rupture

Published on: May 13, 2018

8.6K

Dynamic earthquake rupture in the lower crust.

Arianne Petley-Ragan1, Yehuda Ben-Zion2, Håkon Austrheim1

  • 1Physics of Geological Processes, The Njord Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Science Advances
|August 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Lower crustal earthquakes, previously thought to be ductile, involve brittle failure. Observations reveal fracturing and comminution precede seismic slip and melting in fault zones.

More Related Videos

Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis
08:55

Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis

Published on: August 7, 2018

11.3K
A Photodynamic Approach to Study Function of Intracellular Vesicle Rupture
05:16

A Photodynamic Approach to Study Function of Intracellular Vesicle Rupture

Published on: March 17, 2023

1.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Predicting Catalyst Extrudate Breakage Based on the Modulus of Rupture
09:53

Predicting Catalyst Extrudate Breakage Based on the Modulus of Rupture

Published on: May 13, 2018

8.6K
Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis
08:55

Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis

Published on: August 7, 2018

11.3K
A Photodynamic Approach to Study Function of Intracellular Vesicle Rupture
05:16

A Photodynamic Approach to Study Function of Intracellular Vesicle Rupture

Published on: March 17, 2023

1.5K

Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Tectonics
  • Petrology

Background:

  • Earthquakes typically occur in the upper 15-20 km of Earth's continental crust.
  • Recent research indicates seismic activity also happens in the lower crust of collision zones.
  • Lower crustal earthquakes are crucial for metamorphic processes altering rock properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the deformation processes and failure mechanisms of lower crustal earthquakes.
  • To provide detailed observations of a fault zone in the Bergen Arcs, western Norway.
  • To clarify the sequence of events leading to seismic slip in the lower crust.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of fault zone observations from the Bergen Arcs, western Norway.
  • Detailed examination of rock deformation processes.
  • Identification of fracturing, fragmentation, and comminution preceding seismic slip.

Main Results:

  • Seismic slip and melting in the lower crust are preceded by fracturing and comminution.
  • A dynamically propagating rupture causes asymmetric fragmentation of the wall rock.
  • Brittle failure mechanisms are emphasized in a region previously assumed to exhibit ductile deformation.

Conclusions:

  • Lower crustal earthquakes are characterized by brittle failure, contrary to previous assumptions.
  • The observed deformation sequence provides new insights into the mechanics of deep crustal earthquakes.
  • This study refines our understanding of faulting and metamorphic processes in continental collision zones.