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Association between socioeconomic status and small-for-gestational-age in Japan: A single center retrospective cohort

Ikuyo Hayashi1,2, Kenji Takakura3, Ken Yamaguchi3

  • 1Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto, Japan.

The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research
|August 9, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Low socioeconomic status (SES) in Japanese mothers is linked to a higher risk of having small-for-gestational-age (SGA) babies. Addressing low SES is crucial for preventing adverse birth outcomes and improving infant health.

Area of Science:

  • Maternal-fetal medicine
  • Public health
  • Sociology of health

Background:

  • Small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births pose significant health risks to neonates and later in life.
  • Low socioeconomic status (SES) is a known risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including SGA and preterm birth (PTB).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal socioeconomic status and adverse birth outcomes in Japanese pregnant women.
  • To determine if low maternal SES is a predictor of SGA or PTB in this population.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 1970 Japanese women with singleton pregnancies.
  • Classification into low SES (n=197) and control (n=1773) groups based on Japanese hospitalization support policy criteria.
  • Statistical analysis to assess the association between maternal SES and SGA/PTB, with adjustments for confounding factors.

Main Results:

  • Low SES was significantly associated with higher rates of young maternal age, single marital status, greater parity, pre-pregnancy smoking, and lack of regular employment.
  • The adjusted odds ratio for SGA in the low SES group was 1.92 (95% CI 1.17-3.17, P=0.010).
  • No significant association was found between maternal SES and preterm birth (PTB).

Conclusions:

  • Low maternal socioeconomic status is significantly associated with an increased risk of small-for-gestational-age births in Japanese women.
  • Targeting and mitigating low SES among pregnant women is a critical public health priority to reduce adverse birth outcomes.
  • Further research into interventions to support low SES pregnant individuals is warranted.
Abstract

Keywords:
Japanhealth researchhospitalization support policysmall-for-gestational-agesocioeconomic status

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