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Related Concept Videos

Standard Deviation01:10

Standard Deviation

27.6K
The most commonly used measure of variation is the standard deviation. It is a numerical value measuring how far data values are from their mean. The standard deviation value is small when the data are concentrated close to the mean, exhibiting slight variation or spread. The standard deviation value is never negative, it is either positive or zero. The standard deviation is larger when the data values are more spread out from the mean, which means the data values are exhibiting more variation.
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Mean Absolute Deviation01:13

Mean Absolute Deviation

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The mean absolute deviation is also a measure of the variability of data in a sample. It is the absolute value of the average difference between the data values and the mean.
Let us consider a dataset containing the number of unsold cupcakes in five shops: 10, 15, 8, 7, and 10. Initially, calculate the sample mean. Then calculate the deviation, or the difference, between each data value and the mean. Next, the absolute values of these deviations are added and divided by the sample size to...
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Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation02:32

Variation: Normal Distribution, Range, and Standard Deviation

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In the field of psychology, there are several ways to organize measurements of a trait, feature, or characteristic (i.e., variables). Qualitative data, such as ethnicity, can be tabulated into a frequency count to provide information about the proportion, as well as the variety of groups in a sample or population. On the other hand, researchers can perform a wider set of calculations on quantitative data. The mean, mode, and median, for instance, are central tendency measures to identify a...
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Standard Deviation of Calculated Results01:14

Standard Deviation of Calculated Results

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Standard deviation measures the spread of data around the mean value. Many large data sets follow a Gaussian distribution, also known as a normal distribution. This distribution is bell-shaped curved, with the most frequently observed value (mean or central value) in the middle. The farther away from the central value, the greater the deviation from the central value, and the lower the frequency.
A broad Gaussian distribution curve has a wider standard deviation, representing a data set with...
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Calculating Standard Deviation01:08

Calculating Standard Deviation

12.5K
The standard deviation is the most common measure of variation. It is a value that tells us how far a data value is from the mean value in a dataset. Further, the standard deviation is always a positive value or zero.
The standard deviation value is small when all the data is concentrated close to the mean. Here the data exhibits low variation. The standard deviation value is larger when the data values are more spread out from the mean. Here, the data displays high...
12.5K
Estimating Population Mean with Known Standard Deviation01:16

Estimating Population Mean with Known Standard Deviation

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To construct a confidence interval for a single unknown population mean μ, where the population standard deviation is known, we need sample mean as an estimate for μ and we need the margin of error. Here, the margin of error (EBM) is called the error bound for a population mean (abbreviated EBM). The sample mean is the point estimate of the unknown population mean μ.
The confidence interval estimate will have the form as follows:
(point estimate - error bound, point estimate +...
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An Efficient and Reproducible Protocol for Distraction Osteogenesis in a Rat Model Leading to a Functional Regenerated Femur
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Gait Deviations in Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I.

Christina R Garman1, Adam Graf2, Joseph Krzak2,3

  • 1Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Engineering Center, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI.

Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics
|August 9, 2019
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Individuals with Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) exhibit distinct gait deviations, including slower walking speed and altered joint mechanics. Understanding these differences in gait is crucial for developing targeted interventions to improve mobility and quality of life in OI patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedics
  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Science

Background:

  • Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disorder affecting connective tissue, frequently leading to orthopaedic issues that impair gait and mobility.
  • Impaired mobility in OI significantly impacts participation and overall quality of life, making gait analysis critical for this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize common gait deviations in individuals with type I OI.
  • To explore the underlying causes of these gait deviations with the aim of enhancing functional outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Gait analysis was conducted on 44 individuals with type I OI and 30 typically developing controls.
  • Kinematic and kinetic data were collected using the Vicon Plug-in-Gait Model, alongside musculoskeletal modeling to assess muscle tendon lengths (MTL).
  • The Gait Deviation Index (GDI) was calculated to quantify deviations from normative gait parameters.

Main Results:

  • The OI group demonstrated reduced walking speed, single support time, stride length, and step length, with increased double support time.
  • Individuals with OI had lower GDI scores and increased external hip rotation angles compared to controls.
  • Reduced peak moments and power generation were observed in hip flexors, knee extensors, and ankle plantarflexors in the OI group, with no significant MTL discrepancies.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a detailed profile of gait characteristics in individuals with type I OI.
  • The findings offer valuable insights for clinicians to implement more targeted interventions for improving gait function in this population.