Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the External Carotid Artery
07:26

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion via the External Carotid Artery

Published on: May 24, 2021

8.2K

Outcomes of Urgent Carotid Endarterectomy for Crescendo Transient Ischemic Attacks and Stroke in Evolution

Igor Gunka1, Dagmar Krajickova2, Michal Lesko1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.

Annals of Vascular Surgery
|August 9, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Urgent carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for crescendo transient ischemic attack (cTIA) or stroke in evolution (SIE) shows acceptable risks. This procedure may improve functional outcomes for carefully selected patients with SIE.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Neurology
  • Cerebrovascular Disease

Background:

  • Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for neurologically unstable patients remains controversial.
  • Urgent CEA within 48 hours is evaluated for crescendo transient ischemic attack (cTIA) and stroke in evolution (SIE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the outcomes of urgent CEA in patients presenting with cTIA or SIE.
  • To determine perioperative risks and functional outcomes associated with urgent CEA.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from January 2013 to November 2018.
  • Evaluation of 46 neurologically unstable patients undergoing urgent CEA.
  • Primary endpoints included 30-day stroke/death, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, bleeding requiring intervention, NIHSS score changes, and 90-day functional outcomes (mRS).

Main Results:

  • The 30-day stroke/death rate was 10.0% for cTIA and 7.7% for SIE.
  • No symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage or myocardial infarction occurred.
  • Significant improvement in NIHSS scores was observed in SIE patients post-operatively (P < 0.001), with 80.8% achieving good functional outcomes (mRS ≤ 2) at 3 months.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent CEA in neurologically unstable patients is associated with acceptable perioperative risks.
  • For well-selected SIE patients, urgent CEA can lead to significantly improved final functional outcomes.
Abstract

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Assessing Ischemic Stroke Damage Through Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model05:32

Author Spotlight: Assessing Ischemic Stroke Damage Through Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model

Published on: August 11, 2023

2.9K
A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia06:01

A Thrombotic Stroke Model Based On Transient Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Published on: August 18, 2015

15.4K

Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
47.7K
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
31.5K
Acid Attack on Concrete01:21

Acid Attack on Concrete

When acids come into contact with concrete, they initiate a chemical reaction that dissolves the hydrated cement paste. This process leads to softening and structural weakening of the concrete. This issue is commonly observed in environments such as chimneys, sewers, and industrial settings. The severity of the damage increases as the pH of the water interacting with the concrete drops below 6.5. In particular, a pH under 4.5 can cause significant concrete damage.
The rate at which hydrogen...
712
Sulfate Attack on Concrete01:29

Sulfate Attack on Concrete

Sulfate attack on concrete is a deterioration process characterized by a whitish discoloration beginning at the edges and corners, accompanied by cracking and spalling. This phenomenon occurs when sulfates react with the components of hardened concrete, forming compounds like calcium sulfate and calcium sulfoaluminate which occupy more space than the substances they replace, causing the concrete to expand and disrupt.
Sulfates from sources like soil, groundwater, or industrial effluents...
708
Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
40.3K
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.8K