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Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

27.8K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Interference and Diffraction02:18

Interference and Diffraction

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Interference is a characteristic phenomenon exhibited by waves. When two electromagnetic waves interact with their peaks and troughs coinciding, a resulting wave with enhanced amplitude is produced. This is known as constructive interference. In this case, the two waves interacting are in phase with each other.
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Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
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Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)02:30

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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RNA Interference in Ticks
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RNA Interference with siRNA.

Helena Joyce1, Isabella Bray2, Martin Clynes2

  • 1National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland helena.joyce@dcu.ie.

Cancer Genomics & Proteomics
|August 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

RNA interference (RNAi) offers targeted gene silencing for research and disease treatment. Efficient delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) remains a challenge for in vivo applications.

Keywords:
RNA interferencecancermicroRNAreviewsiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is a natural cellular antiviral mechanism.
  • RNAi enables specific gene silencing, applicable to diseases like cancer, AIDS, and hepatitis.
  • It has evolved from in vitro transient inhibition to in vivo applications using vectors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms.
  • To discuss the application of RNAi in cancer research.
  • To evaluate the successes and limitations of small interfering RNA (siRNA) as a gene knockdown tool.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on RNA interference and siRNA technology.
  • Analysis of siRNA's mechanism of action.
  • Discussion of delivery methods and their impact on gene silencing efficacy.

Main Results:

  • RNA interference is a powerful tool for specific gene function inhibition.
  • siRNA has advanced significantly, enabling longer-lasting effects in vivo.
  • Efficient delivery of siRNA into cells is the primary limitation for in vivo gene silencing.

Conclusions:

  • RNA interference, particularly using siRNA, holds great promise for therapeutic applications and research.
  • Further advancements in delivery systems are crucial for realizing the full potential of siRNA in vivo.
  • Despite challenges, siRNA represents a significant breakthrough in gene knockdown technology.