Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 21, 2026

Application of Optical Coherence Tomography to a Mouse Model of Retinopathy
Published on: January 12, 2022
Non-paraneoplastic related retinopathy: clinical challenges and review
Júlia T Takiuti1,2,3, Vitor K L Takahashi1,3,4, Christine L Xu1,3
1Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University , New York , NY , USA.
Abstract:
Autoimmune retinopathy (AIR) is a rare inflammatory condition characterized by progressive visual loss, abnormalities in visual fields and electroretinographic exams, along with presence of circulating anti-retinal antibodies. There are two main forms of AIR: paraneoplastic AIR (pAIR) and presumed non-paraneoplastic AIR (npAIR). NpAIR is considered a diagnosis of exclusion, since it is typically made after other causes of retinopathy have been investigated and the absence of malignancy is confirmed. Work-up of a npAIR case is challenging since there are no standartizaded protocols for diagnosis and treatment. The treatment regimen may vary from case to case, and it can be best guided by a set of parameters including electrophysiological responses, visual outcomes, and presence of anti-retinal antibodies. The purpose of this review is to summarize the principal clinical features, investigation, and management of npAIR.
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