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Dynamic Interaction between Cortico-Brainstem Pathways during Training-Induced Recovery in Stroke Model Rats.

Akimasa Ishida1, Kenta Kobayashi2, Yoshitomo Ueda1

  • 1Department of Neurophysiology and Brain Science, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|August 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Following stroke, the cortico-rubral tract aids early limb recovery, while the cortico-reticular tract compensates when the former is blocked, demonstrating dynamic motor pathway plasticity.

Keywords:
internal capsuleintracerebral hemorrhagered nucleusrehabilitationreorganizationreticular formation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Recovery Research
  • Stroke Rehabilitation

Background:

  • Stroke, particularly internal capsule hemorrhage (ICH), disrupts descending motor pathways.
  • Post-stroke recovery relies on the reorganization of residual motor circuits.
  • The roles of specific descending tracts, like the cortico-rubral and cortico-reticular tracts, in compensatory recovery are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamic interplay between the cortico-rubral and cortico-reticular tracts in rehabilitation-induced functional recovery after ICH.
  • To determine if recovery involves a shift from cortico-rubral to cortico-reticular tract compensation.
  • To elucidate the compensatory potential of individual cortico-brainstem pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an internal capsule hemorrhage (ICH) rat model with significant corticofugal fiber damage.
  • Employed Tet-on and designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drugs (DREADDs) viral vector systems for pathway-specific functional loss.
  • Performed anterograde tracing, selective pathway blockade, and functional limb use assessments.

Main Results:

  • Early recovery phase showed prominent cortico-rubral tract sprouting, with minimal cortico-reticular tract involvement.
  • Selective cortico-rubral tract blockade during rehabilitation led to increased cortico-reticular tract sprouting and functional recovery.
  • Simultaneous blockade of both tracts worsened motor function recovery, indicating sequential recruitment of the cortico-reticular tract.

Conclusions:

  • The cortico-rubral tract is crucial for early rehabilitation-induced motor recovery after ICH.
  • The cortico-reticular tract exhibits dynamic compensatory potential, becoming involved when the cortico-rubral tract is impaired.
  • These findings highlight the adaptive capacity of descending motor pathways in stroke recovery.