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Altered Olfactory Function in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Qilin Chen1, Feng Qiu1, Huaxiang Liu1

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).

Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research
|August 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, especially those with active disease, experience impaired olfactory function. This dysfunction is linked to disease activity and anti-ribosomal P protein antibody (ARPA) levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Neurology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with diverse clinical manifestations.
  • Olfactory dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a potential extra-articular manifestation in autoimmune conditions.
  • The role of anti-ribosomal P protein antibody (ARPA) in SLE pathogenesis is significant, but its association with sensory deficits is less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify olfactory function in patients diagnosed with SLE.
  • To investigate the correlation between olfactory function and key clinical factors including ARPA seropositivity, disease duration, and age in SLE patients.

Main Methods:

  • Olfactory function was assessed using the Connecticut Chemosensory Clinical Research Center (CCCRC) method in 65 SLE patients and 50 healthy controls.
  • Serum ARPA levels were quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  • Statistical analyses, including multiple linear regression, were employed to determine relationships between variables.

Main Results:

  • Patients with active SLE exhibited significantly lower CCCRC scores compared to inactive SLE and healthy controls (P<0.01).
  • ARPA-positive SLE patients demonstrated reduced olfactory function (lower CCCRC scores) compared to ARPA-negative patients (P<0.01).
  • A significant negative correlation was observed between CCCRC scores and serum ARPA levels in the SLE cohort.

Conclusions:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is prevalent in patients with active SLE.
  • Impaired olfaction in SLE is associated with disease activity and the presence of anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies.
  • Age and ARPA levels are independent factors associated with olfactory function in SLE patients.